History of the local film industry

Screen Production ( Homework )Discourse the history, development and development of local movie industry.Malayan movie industry can be state that there’s all sort mode of peoples and multiples nationalities. Our local movie industry started off in the 1930s and it’s multiethnic every bit good as it besides involve with other states. Through this, Malayan movie industry can travel on to many-sided field in footings of the peoples, their cultural, traditional values and so on. In 1933, Malaysia movie industry started off with the first film which is Leila Majnun. Most of them who is involved in this bash hold some basic apprehension of moving, executing and stagecraft as they were one time involved in Bangsawan which is called Malay Opera or possibly some traditional art signifiers. And this film Leila Majnun was really directed by B.S Rajhans. Through the success of the cinematic experience, there are this two brothers from Shanghai, which is besides local endowments as good, named Run Run and Runme Shaw. They started off the journey of production of Malay movie from the movie production studio that they set up in 1938 at Ampas Road in Singapore. But, merely 6 films they managed to bring forth before the Nipponese invasion in 1941. Those 6 films included Mutiara ( Pearl ) , Bermadu ( Polygamy ) , Topeng Shaitan ( Mask of the Devil ) , Hanchur Hati ( Heart Broken ) , Ibu tiri ( Stepmother ) , and Tiga Kekasih ( Three Lovers ) . Start from 1941 to 1945, when it’s under Nipponese colonial regulation, the Nipponese brought a new sort of movie production to the South East Asiatic market. Many of the movie industry forces ended up have to work for one of the Nipponese movie company which is Eiga Haikya Sha. Eiga Haikya Sha is the 1 which took over and controlled the distribution of South East Asiatic market. Merely the movie that get through Eiga can be show out, the movies that can be shown are fundamentally out-of-date Indian movies and Nipponese propaganda movies and war movies are non allowed. Some of the movies that were allowed to shown included Singapore Sokogeki, Marat Na Tora ( March to Singapore ) , Shina No Yoru ( A dark in China ) , and besides Tokyo Symphony. And so this is the clip the development and development of local movie industry. After the World War 2 in 1945, the Shaw brothers did non give up, they continue their movie production in 1947 and come out their first movie which directed by B.S Rajhans was Singapura Di-Waktu Malam ( Singapore by Night ) . P.Ramlee who is one of the fable of Malay movie universe in 1948 had debuted in a movie named â€Å"Cinta† which mean Love. As P.Ramlee was good in vocalizing and besides composing music, he brought up the diverseness to making films. P.Ramlee work together with many others Indian movie manager that who came into the state to assist advancement and spread out the movie industry. There was many emigrant were replaced by local managers by 1960s. Other movie production started to turn more and more, these included Nusantara Films which was owned by Hsu Chiao Meng who was a camera operator from Shanghai, Rimau Film Productions, Keris Production and besides Maria Menado Productions. Rimau Film Productions was opened by Ho Ah Loke in Tampines Road, Singapore. Then he changed the productions name to Keris Film Production after one movie was produced. After merged with Cathay Organization in 1956, the name Keris Film Production was once more changed to Cathy-Keris Film Productions. In the early old ages, movies were all black and white and the studios will hold their ain equipment and installations that needed to enter and redact sound. Although there were many productions that came up, but there were besides many of them that closed down due to the spread outing production costs and the deficiency of audiences. During 1961, H.M. Shah had bought a land in Kuala Lumpur and came up with Merdeka Studio. The Shaw Brothers helped out with the development by dispatched some movie managers from Singapore. Merdeka Studio has now converted to the central offices of National Film Development Corporation, Malaysia or you can name it FINAS. The movie industries growing more with exponential growing in Sabahan film in the twelvemonth of 1975. Major development return placed by the eightiess. The advancement of FINAS make a alteration and besides brought up betterment like gaves those immature film-makers the opportunity to prove their work, colorss to be used in movie, and so on. There were more than 300 movie production were made and registered under FINAS due to all these new inducements. FINAS manus in manus with Skim Wajib Tayang on 24ThursdayMay 2012 to let two local movies to be shown in the film. These yearss there are non merely Malay movies are produced but besides Mandarin and Tamil movies every bit good.What is the difference between films in the early yearss than the latest 1s in 21stcentury?First of wholly, the chief difference between films in the early yearss than the latest 1s in 21stcentury will be the cost of the movie. In the early yearss, there doesn’t truly cost much in this movie industry. Since some were in the signifier of wayang kulit ( Malay shadow drama ) , they didn’t have engineerings to redact films, and those yearss the effects were non necessary and the films were in black and white. For illustration Malay shadow drama, this applied a white screen with images traveling about which manipulated manually. While the sound will come from the voice of the operator of the marionettes with a set playing the music. And even the talen ts’ wage were fixed. In the 21stcentury, it’s so much different. Technology plays a large function for the devising of a films from the first twenty-four hours till the last twenty-four hours of hiting and redacting. And we can see as the highest place you are in the movie industry the higher your wage will be. Nowadays even people watch films for amusement intents but they will still care about the effects that the films used. Besides that, the films in the early yearss do non hold any station production effects such as 3D or even CGI which means computer-generated imagination. In the early yearss those films are more into vocals and looks. For illustration, Malay shadow drama was one up on movie in term of the sound. So the music will be played by the instrumentalist during the soundless film showings. But in 21stcentury, the films that produce will hold different ocular effects, different sorts of artworks and besides nice background music every bit good. As we know in the early yearss, the films were fundamentally in black and white. But now colours do play a large function every bit good because in the 21stcentury non must people will bask films which is merely black and white. Following will be the length of the films. Movies in the early yearss were really longer than the films we watched today. This is due in the early yearss their films were more on the vocals compare to the plot line, while in this yearss we really have a solid plot lines and it is more to indicate. Other than that, in this 21stcentury the content of the film are more diverse as compared to those films in the early yearss because in the early yearss they were chiefly focus more on development of states, war and even linguistic communication. While nowadays films there are so many different genre which is so interesting. In add-on, in 21stcentury, we need a batch of adult male power to assist out with the lighting, sound effects, and so on, so by this it will hold more occupation chances.Is our local movie industry promising and has potential to be every bit successful as Hollywood in going a film mill and planetary film distributer?Based on my sentiment, I think our local movie industr y promising and has potential to be every bit successful as Hollywood in going a film mill and planetary film distributer because in this 21stcentury, people have changed, they are non like people in the early yearss where largely are traditional minded. Alternatively the people in these yearss are really more unfastened minded, so that this do them more originative and have more interesting thoughts. By this grounds, our local movie industry can bring forth even more interesting and nice secret plan and executing in for the film. Besides that, of class our local movie industry still have to work hard on it to be every bit successful as Hollywood in going a film mill and planetary distributer as in the plot line, the manner they executed, the manner they shoot and so on as we know nil comes easy in this universe. I think that our local movie industry should come out more thoughts which is different and out of the box alternatively of those films that holding personal businesss, kampong narratives, and so on. Last but non least, to do a good film doesn’t mean you need to hold a batch of particular effects alternatively some films they will still be interesting without it. For illustration, the Gallic film, Fargo, where they have besides won a few awards. I believe that our local movie industry can be successful every bit good since in Malaysia we do hold a batch of great endowments such as Michelle Yeoh, Erra Fazira, Aaron Aziz and many more.

Memento and License Plate Number

Memento is a movie directed by Christopher Nolan, the story is based on the short story Memento Mori by his brother Johnathan Nolan. Memento is a story about a man who loses the ability to make new memories after he witnesses his wife being raped and murdered. The film is told in two different stories: one is in black and white and told chronologically, and the other is in color and told backwards. Leonard Shelby wakes up one night and notices his wife is missing from their bed.He hears grumbling and moaning coming from the bathroom. He proceeds to the bedroom loset and retrieves a pistol; he loads it and walks toward the bathroom. He barges into the bathroom where two guys are raping his wife. He shoots one and the other knocks him into the bathroom mirror knocking him onto the ground. Causing him to have a head injury, where he cannot make any new memories. The last thing he remembers is lying on the ground next to his wife who is wrapped in a shower curtain suffocating.Though his memory problem obstructs his ability to endure lengthy activities, Leonard manages to focus his energies on searching for the second assailant and avenging his wife's rape and murder, reminding himself of important acts by carrying a police file of the crime, taking notes and pictures, and even going so far as to tattoo the most vital details about his mission throughout his body. Along the way, a couple of characters take advantage of his revengeful and forgetful state of mind, deceiving Leonard into murdering several people other than his wife's assailant.Leonard wakes up in a motel room at the Discount Inn, stunned and muddled as to why he is there. The phone rings and Leonard answers. He starts telling the unknown caller about his circumstance, anterograde amnesia, which means he cannot create new memories. Anterograde amnesia is defined as â€Å"a selective memory deficit, resulting from brain injury, in which the individual is severely impaired on learning new informationâ₠¬  (â€Å"Memory Loss & the Brain†). He then tells the caller that he had become an insurance investigator and was assigned to Sammy Jenkins.Sammy had anterograde amnesia, and Leonard was assigned to determine if Sammy's condition was covered under their insurance policy. He tells the caller in order to deal with this circumstance a person must have a system of notes, and the drive to use them. Leonard says he has the motivation that Sammy lacked, we then ee tattooed on Leonard's chest â€Å"John G. raped and killed your wife† (Memento). He continues to tell the caller that through testing Sammy was not covered under his insurance policy because his circumstance was psychological not physical.The caller then identifies himself as Officer Gammell, he tells Leonard the second man from the night of the attack is Jimmy Grantz. Officer Gammell then tells Leonard he has set up a meeting for him and Jimmy. Leonard then heads to the lobby to meet the officer. Officer Gammell tells Leonard to call him Teddy because he is under cover. Teddy gives Leonard directions to an abandoned building outside of town. Leonard goes to the building and waits for Jimmy. Jimmy pulls up and walks inside Jimmy with a tire iron. Leonard then puts Jimmy's clothes on and dresses Jimmy in his old clothes.Leonard then drags Jimmy down the stairs and he hears Jimmy whisper â€Å"Sammy. † Leonard then begins to think how could Jimmy know Sammy? He then realizes there is no way he could be the second attacker. Teddy then pulls up outside and Leonard runs out and tells him to hurry inside someone is wounded. Once inside Leonard turns on Teddy, telling him he sent him to kill the wrong guy. Teddy tries to persuade Leonard that Jimmy was his wife's killer. Finally Teddy confesses that Jimmy Grantz was Just a drug dealer who had nothing to do with the attack on his wife.Teddy then tells Leonard his wife endured the attack and that the story of Sammy Jenkins was truly about hims elf. Teddy also tells Leonard that he was the officer that investigated the attack on his wife. â€Å"He says he believed him about the second attacker and he helped him track down and kill the real John G. over a year ago. Teddy claims that he took a picture of a happy Leonard right after the second attacker was dead† (Memento). Leonard does not recollect the murder at all. Before Leonard can forget what Teddy is telling him he burns the picture that teddy gave him.He then writes â€Å"don't believe his lies† on the back of Teddy's picture (Memento). He also writes down Teddy's license plate number as John G. ‘s license plate number. He writes himself a note to get the license plate number tattooed on him. Setting himself up to kill Teddy as the next John G. Leonard then tosses Teddys keys into the bushes, gets into Jimmy's Jaguar and drives off. While driving he sees a tattoo parlor so he stops and goes inside and roceeds to get the license plate tattooed on hi m.Teddy sees the Jaguar outside so he comes in and suggests that Leonard get out of town and put new clothes on because people are â€Å"starting to ask questions† (Memento). Leonard looks at Teddys picture in his pocket and sees â€Å"don't believe his lies† so he escapes out of the back window and drives away. He finds a coaster in Jimmy's coat pocket that says meet me at Ferdys bar, and the note is from a Natalie. So he goes to the bar and finds Natalie, he tells her about his condition and after a test she believes him. Natalie takes Leonard to her home and tells him he can stay with her.Natalie tricks Leonard into going after a man named Dodd who Natalie says has been abusing her. Leonard goes to meet Dodd to beat him up for Natalie, but when he gets into his car Teddy is waiting for him and he tries to warn Leonard about Natalie but sees the note on the back of Teddys picture so he does not believe him. Leonard goes to meet Dodd at his hotel room and beats him up and ties his hands he then throws him in the closet and calls Teddy for help. Teddy comes to Dodd's hotel room and they take Dodd to a ecluded area and convince him to leave town.Leonard goes back to Natalie's and she says she will trace the license plate number for him because he took care of Dodd for her. She gives him the information and directions to an abandoned building outside of town. Leonard puts the clues together that Teddy must be John G. and calls him to meet him at the building where Jimmy Grantz was killed a couple of days earlier. Leonard then shoots Teddy in the head.

Different Religion Beliefs Acceptance Essay

The definition of religion is not easy to find. There are many interpretations of religion meaning but no one can be said the most accurate. According to Paden (2008), Religion is a sacred engagement with that which is believed to be a spiritual reality. Religion is a worldwide phenomenon that has played a part in all human culture. Another, from most contemporary scholars, defines religion by identifying a set of widely but no universally shared characteristics. These characteristics can include a collection of beliefs about what is ultimately important and real, a community of believer’s images of a fulfilled human life a set of rituals and practices. (Dickens, 2007) Religion is very important for people who believe to deity. First, unites those with similar goals and beliefs and requires them to behave in a way that benefits others, or at least those who share the same beliefs. These behaviors have traditionally helped people form communities, raise familiar and live togeth er more harmoniously.There are several ways to classify religions. Once way is to group them according to their beliefs about God for Instance, followers of a religion can believe in one god (monotheism) or more than one God (polytheism). Belief is acceptance by the mind that something is true or real, often underpinned by an emotional or spiritual sense of certainty. For many people, religion involves worship of one Supreme Being or deity. Other people worship of many god. Still others have a more general belief in a higher power or universal life force. Beliefs are generally includes a moral code governing thoughts and actions. Almost always, this includes what many call the Golden Rule: Treat others as you would like to be treated. Acceptance is fundamental to the core dogma of most Abrahamic religions, the word â€Å"Islam† can be translated as â€Å"acceptance†, â€Å"surrender† or â€Å"voluntary submission† and Christianity is based upon the â€Å"acceptance† of Jesus of Nazareth as the â€Å"Christ† and could be compared to some Eastern religious concepts such as Buddhist mindfulness. Religions and psychological treatments often suggest the path of acceptance when a situation is both disliked and unchangeable, or when change may be possible only at great cost or risk. Acceptance may imply only a lack of outward, behavioral attempts at possible change, but the word is also used more specifically for a felt or hypothesized cognitive or emotional state. (Wikipedia.com) The First religion in the Philippines before the Spanish colonization is Animism; many Filipinos praise the â€Å"Anito† and â€Å"Diwatas† as their gods. Muslim religion brought by the Arabic traders and missionaries in the middle of 14th century. In 1521, the Spaniard came to the Philippines ledby Ferdinand Magellan and introduced the Catholicism to Malays and it was the beginning of religion in the Philippines. Today, Philippines is the only nation in Southeast Asia with a Christian majority population (Islam and Buddhism are the dominant religion) and many other religions are rise here. (Britannica Encyclopedia) The researcher choose this study for other researcher as they reference for their study that related to religion and to assists those who have difficulty to choose the religion Association.

Planning for the East Coast Banks Future Term Paper

Planning for the East Coast Banks Future - Term Paper Example Where the teller/customers agents recorded a33% turn over whereas the assistant managers recorded the lowest turnover of 17%. This holds an indication that, the customer teller agents level, has got the highest percentage of employees leaving the bank and hence, signifying a labor shortage at the teller/customer agent level. Whereas, the assistant manager’s level indicated a 17% turnover, which implied that the employees at the level of assistant managers hardly left the bank, indicating a surplus in this positions (Ivancevich, 2006). I would embark on the Recruitment strategies as one of the techniques to curb the labor shortages in the East Coast Bank. It involves the process of attracting, screening and also selecting the competent individuals for the positions experiencing shortages within an organization. Recruitment is one of the key activities carried out by management in the attempt to secure an efficient workforce. Apart from curbing employee shortage, recruitment enables the top management to identify the potentiality of the labor market (Riley, 2012). Employee retention is another strategy that I would embark on to curb labor shortages. The hiring of employees constitutes only the first step. But creating awareness on the significance of employee’s retention is extremely essential. Costs that are linked to employees turnover include losing of customers together with damaged employee morale. Retention of the employees is thus, the ability of an organization to both attract and ensure retention of their workforce. A retention practice ensures a diverse workforce, where obstacles are eliminated, allowing workers to have a full participation at their places of work. This results in employee’s commitment and high productivity levels.

Extra Credit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Extra Credit - Essay Example From roughly 9,000 B.C. to approximately 6,000 B.C. livestock was a popular medium of exchange. However, as agriculture developed later on, people used their crops to acquire goods they desired (â€Å"Thinkquest†). For example, I could ask another farmer to trade a pound of potatoes for a pound of sugar. These exchanges, which started at the beginning of humankind, are still used today. Not too long ago, I came across the story of Kyle MacDonald. On his blog, oneredpaperclip.blogspot.com, Kyle posted a picture of a small, red paperclip. There was nothing special about this paperclip; just a regular old run-of-the-mill paperclip. The post stated that he would travel anywhere to meet the person who wished to trade him some item for his paperclip. After a while, a woman contacted Kyle regarding a wooden fish pen that she wished to trade him for his red paperclip. Obviously, she could have picked up a red paperclip at any office supply store or big-box retailer, but Kyle had added value to this particular paperclip. By â€Å"added value,† I mean he drew attention to the paperclip making it seemingly more than just a regular paperclip. If this woman were to trade him, she would, at the very least, be mentioned on his blog. Thus, she wanted to participate in the trade, exchanging her wooden fish pen, which in my opinion was far cooler than the red paperclip. Kyle stated his goal in the very first post, with the red paperclip. He was to up-trade, from that single, red paperclip, to a home. So, with wooden fish pen in hand, Kyle posted photos of the woman who he had traded with, along with photos of the pen on his blog. Again, he stated that he would travel anywhere to trade someone another item for his pen. He was contacted not too long after posting the fish pen, by a woman named Annie Robbins in Seattle, WA, who wanted to trade a handmade doorknob for the fish pen. This was not just any doorknob. It was handmade, and looked like an old, bald man;

Role of ECOWAS union in the socio-economic development of West Africa Essay

Role of ECOWAS union in the socio-economic development of West Africa - Essay Example f the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has helped or hindered the economic progress of the countries in West Africa, with particular focus on the socio-economic conditions of the populations in those countries. In West Africa, ECOWAS has the following member countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cote d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo. This structure was set up to promote â€Å"cooperation and integration† leading to an economic union in West Africa â€Å"in order to raise the living standards of its peoples† (ECOWAS website, 2011). A Pan-African slant is also evident in that the intention to promote progress and development on the whole continent is explicitly stated. For a common market to occur; regional economic reform would have to take place; integration particularly in food, agriculture and natural resources was seen as vital. Furthermore the establishment of a common market through liberalization of trade among West African States was envisioned. An important aspect of the ECOWAS initiative is also to ensure a common external tariff and trade policy with regard to third countries, outside this initiative. Additionally, a stated intention in the ECOWAS revised treaty is to promote â€Å"balanced development† and a focus on the â€Å"special problems of each Member State particularly those of land-locked and small island Member States† (ECOWAS website, 2011).Thus the intention is to improve standards of living, improve Gross Domestic Product (GDP), improve Per-Capita Income (PCI) and generally improve West Africa’s trading position in a global economy for the citizens of this entire region (ECOWAS website, 2011). This has not happened. The elites – both within... This essay presents a modern thorough analysis of the state of economies of West Africa countries, that participate in the ECOWAS union, their political stances, and their trade policies. The world economy and West Africa’s part in it will be examined in this paper. In West Africa, ECOWAS has the following member countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cà ´te d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo. This structure was set up to promote cooperation and integration leading to an economic union in West Africa . A Pan-African slant is also evident in that the intention to promote progress and development on the whole continent is stated. The establishment of a common market through liberalization of trade among West African States was envisioned. An important aspect of the ECOWAS initiative is also to ensure a common external tariff and trade policy with regard to third countries, outside this initiative Economic and political power on a global stage continues to be centered in Europe and North America. There has been no real change in the international economic power relations after the Colonial Era, despite the growth of Asian economies. The relationship between West Africa and the central economic powers is highly influenced by history, and also by current political conditions in the countries of the region. Despite free trade agreements between the countries of West Africa, prosperity is not immediately, or perhaps even in the long term achievable.

Smarties Chromatography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Smarties Chromatography - Research Paper Example The sample candies will be taken from a regular pack of Smarties. The product information detailing the ingredients of the candy will be utilized to reference what chemicals have been used for each of the colors selected. The experiment is expected to be able to breakdown the color composition of the color of Smarties that have been selected. It can be reasonably predicted that specific colors have a determined combination of pigments and would likely vary directly to the degree of similarity between the colors ("Chromatography: Introduction Theory", 2007). At the same time, it can be expected that the chemicals or substances used for each color will vary in a parallel manner. The experiment results are also expected not to follow faithfully color combination schemes since chemical reactions must also be considered ("Chromatography", 2006). Also, the researchers can expect that some of the color additives are not just to affect the colors for the candies but may also serve to enhance or to stabilize the color. Chromatography is actually a broad term that refers to several laboratory techniques that can be used for the separation of mixtures. The basic principle in any chromatographic experiment involves the processing of a mixture through a stationary phase that separates the mixture to be analyzed or studied to identify it from the other molecules in mixture ("Chromatography: Introduction Theory", 2007). This has the effect of isolating individual molecules in the mixture that can be seen as a band in the separating medium. Chromatography in laboratory settings entails the use of sophisticated equipment and the materials used like chromatographic paper is quiet expensive. However, chromatographic experiments can be done using ordinary materials that can be found in one's kitchen as long as the basic principles are maintained as described in the preceding paragraph. Variable to Consider In order to maintain the integrity of the experiment, it is important to maintain uniformity of the solution to dissolve and extract the pigmentation form the candies, the number of candies to be used in each extraction, the saline solution to be used for the separation of the samples, the integrity of the sampling and the ambient condition for each sampling. In the course of the experiment, the research is expected to have difficulty in limiting the sugar content of the samples during color extraction. There may be also difficulty in being able to have equal numbered sample colors from each pack of Smarties since they are packed indiscriminately. There should also be some expected difficulty in developing pigment or color samples that are of equal concentration since density of color coatings may vary during the production of the candies. In the observance of the color spectrum that will become evident, the research is limited into observing what colors will compose each candy. The observations will not consider the intensity of the colors or the amount of time they develop on the medium to be used. The observations will focus on quantifying the colors or pigments used from each extracted sample rather than qualifying any of the observations Preliminary Work As part of the preliminary investigation for

Electronic Commerce Undefined Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Electronic Commerce Undefined - Essay Example That is, for a contract to exist there should be an offer made by the offeror and this should be accepted by the offeree and this amounts to an acceptance. This acceptance must be communicated to the offeror and a contract might be concluded when the offeree receives the acceptance. Once again, it should be noted that these transactions are conducted through an electronic portal and are facilitated through the use of emails. This is called the receipt rule and is the general rule. Because of the different and new nature of e-commerce, the described rule above is not applicable to traditional contracts created and facilitated through the post. Traditionally, for these types of contracts the postal rule applies. As opposed to the general law practice in the e-commerce world, the postal rule provides that an acceptance is active and a contract is concluded from the moment the offeree drops the acceptance in the letter box. This is applied even if the acceptance letter is delayed or failed to reach the other party. The postal rule is held to apply only to acceptances in the case of Adams v Lindsell (book). Even if some rules are already practiced in the e-commerce, there are still disputes which tackle the applicability of the receipt rule and the possible usage of the postal rule. Considering the almost similar nature of posts and emails, there have been suggestions and arguments supporting the usage of the postal rule to internet transactions. In line with this, this essay aims to give an analysis on the applicability of postal rule to e-commerce. In so doing, the essay will limit itself to consider the issue of whether the postal rule should extend to contracts created by electronic communications. To give light to the situation, it is extremely necessary to explore the rationale behind the creation of the postal rule. In contract law, as mentioned above, the general rule is that acceptance must be communicated to the offeror in order to conclude a contract. This has been illustrated by Lord Denning in the case of Entores Ltd v Miles Far East Corp: "Suppose, for instance, that I shout an offer to a man across a river ... but I do not hear his reply because it is drowned by an aircraft flying overhead. There is no contract at that moment. If he wishes to make a contract, he must wait until the aircraft is gone and then shout back his acceptance so that I can hear what he says." However, the exception to this rule emerged in 1918 with the creation of the postal rule. It should be noted that back in those days, the main method of communication is the post. This method is extremely slow and delays were very common. One of the main reasons for the existence of the rule is to ensure certainty in contract formation. One might argue that if the postal service did not carry much importance in those days then the creation of the postal rule would have been insignificant. Since delay is a common feature of the postal service, this meant that if the receipt rule applied, the offeree would not know if his acceptance is received, i.e. whether a binding contract is created. One alternative to the postal rule might

Reform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Reform - Essay Example At that convention, the delegates adopted a platform that called for a broad range of social, economic, legal, and political reforms that would dramatically raise the status of women in American life. To the surprise of most of us today, the demand for womens right to vote (called woman suffrage) was the most controversial reform proposed at the convention. From the time it was first formally proposed in 1848, gaining the right to vote took the womens movement 72 years of struggle to achieve. This exhibit examines the development of a distinct female political culture and imagery that evolved to promote voting rights for women†. (Political Culture and Imagery of American Women Suffrage) However, Why there were Political Reforms movement, now and then and before? Meanwhile, â€Å"Political science and theory have evolved on the understanding that national boundaries demarcate the basis on which individuals are included and excluded from participation in decisions affecting their lives. There is a growing perception that democracy has failed to deliver both economic and social development. This perception has often been used to explain the rise in nationalism and ethnic tensions due to unmet expectations. It raises the question whether democracy should be pursued as an intrinsic or instrumental good and whether political justice seeks substantive equality or equality of opportunity? Is it appropriate to expect democracy to deliver human development?† (Political Power and Development). On this note, it is incumbent by those holding the mantle of leadership, (steering the government), and other stakeholders to adapt to the Political Justice. Without Political Justice, no meaningful changes will occur in making reform on the sector. As â€Å"political justice connotes the notion of fair and equitable exercise of political power a discussion of a political system that has the capacity to deliver political

The Effects of Hair Relaxers Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Hair Relaxers Essay For a long time, hair relaxers have been used to straighten hair thus making it easier to style. These hair relaxers straighten hair by destroying the protein composition of hair and the most effective active ingredients in these relaxers are Sodium Hydroxide and Guanidine hydroxide (Baran Maibach, 2005). Hair is primarily composed of keratin which is a form of fibrous protein that is made up of long amino acid chains (polypeptides). In these chains, the amino acids are linked to one another through chemical bonds which are known as peptide bonds. These polypeptide chains are linked to each other through salt, disulphide, and hydrogen bonds (Dale, 1997). These hydrogen bonds contribute greatly to hair strength and in fact their contribution forms a third of the total hair strength (Dale, 1997). These hydrogen bonds are so weak that they are easily broken by heat and water. Salt bonds just like hydrogen bonds are weak physical bonds and are broken easily by agents such as weak acid or alkaline solutions as well as pH changes. Unlike the other two, disulphide bonds are chemical in nature and are stronger and less. However, they are susceptible to alkaline solutions. These disulphide bonds links the sulphur atoms found in cysteine to each other and they are the ones primarily responsible for hair’s strength. More hair strength is contributed by betaine. In an investigation done by Pulliainen et al. (2009) using high performance liquid chromatography, natural betaine was established to be a part of hair and it is believed to provide hair strength by helping to maintain the function of protein. There are two types of keratin-soft and hard-and the one found in hair is the hard type. This type of keratin is insoluble in water and it is generally resistant to degradation by various agents for instance proteolytic enzymes (Sustaita, 2007). The keratin proteins in a hair fiber forms 65-95% of the fibers total weight (Keratin. Com, 2009). Hair is composed of various chemical elements which include carbon, hydrogen, sulphur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Hair relaxers act on hair in two major ways-physical and chemical. The chemical action is due to breakage of disulphide bonds following the action of the alkalis found in hair relaxers. Since the disulphide bonds are the ones primarily responsible for providing hair strength as well as determining hair curls, breakage of these bonds leaves the hair soft (relaxed) and thus it can be manipulated (Dale, 1997). These alkalis also break the salt and hydrogen bonds further softening the hair. The physical action comes about due to the breakage of the bonds leaving the hair free of natural curls thus it can be straightened by combing. In other words it changes hair physically from curly to straight thus giving it a new shape. Following application of hair relaxers, the structure of hair changes due to breakage of bonds but these bonds are reformed. Use of water and heat during relaxing breaks hydrogen bonds but these are reformed when the hair is dried and cooled. The broken salt bonds are reformed by use of neutralizers (acids) which normalizes the hair pH. Disulphide bonds are also reformed following application of neutralizers but their position changes so that they hold hair in the new straight shape. The neutralizer also re-hardens hair. From the discussion above, it is clear that the hair relaxers targets the protein components of hair and it does this by destroying the bonds that link polypeptide chains together. After this breakage, neutralizers are applied and hair dried to reform these bonds.

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Neighbourhoods Young People Essay

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Neighbourhoods Young People Essay The phrase neighbourhood renewal/regeneration relates to a series of programmes in place to ascertain local needs and develop ways to deal with poverty and deprivation in the United Kingdom which are known as Super Output Areas (SOAs).   Local area based initiatives have been a universal approach to the problems that deprived neighbourhoods have endured in Britain since the 1960s. The majority of programmes at that time were very short term and tended to focus on single issues. In the late 1980s an integrated approach was tried. (Imrie and Raco, 2003). Initiatives started to increase in the 1990s and as a result of this, the number of the governance of neighbourhood regeneration came to be characterised by a series of interlinked and spatially overlapping partnerships (Imrie and Raco, 2003: 85). Labour introduced the neighbourhood renewal strategy plan in 2001, this was a new approach to tackle social exclusion and poverty in the most poorest neighbourhoods in UK. Tony Blair talked about the purpose of The Neighbourhood Renewal Strategy in his speech to the nation: where no-one is seriously disadvantaged by where they live, where power, wealth and opportunity are in the hands of the many not the few. This action plan is a crucial step in creating one nation, not separated by class, race or where people live   the purpose of the strategy was to narrow the gap between outcomes in deprived areas and the rest (Social Exclusion Unit, 2001:1)    The main aims of local based anti-poverty and community development programmes are to tackle the issue of social exclusion in the more deprived areas of the country. In relation to British social policy, the term social exclusion is relatively new. The government has described social exclusion as a shorthand term for what can happen when people or areas suffer from a combination of linked problems such as unemployment, poor skills, low incomes, poor housing, high crime, bad health and family breakdown. (www.socialexclusion.gov.uk). There are many different explanations for social exclusion, and many different factors which add to social exclusion, by examining the different factors programmes can be developed in order to address the problems and try to promote a more cohesive community. The individual can contribute to social exclusion by the nature of their race, gender, culture, beliefs, disability etc. Lack of resources Lack of opportunities to work Learning opportunities Health issues Decent housing Disruption of family life. Living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods (Haralambos and Holbron, 2004:253) Anti-poverty and community development programmes are targeting these areas with improvements in social housing, re-developing existing social housing, increasing education opportunities (such as access to education and grant schemes for students), making health care more available, targeting the younger generation to educate on matters that will effect their future, raising the profile of neighbourhoods. One of the projects I am more familiar with is the Sure Start programme (now known as Childrens Centres) and I am going to discuss the strengths and weakness of the centres. Governments Policies In 2003, the Government published a green paper called Every Child Matters. This was published alongside the report into the death of Victoria Climbie. The Green Paper prompted discussions about current services for children, young people and families. There was a wide consultation with staff that worked in childrens services, and with parents, children and young people. Following the consultation, the Government published Every Child Matters: the Next Steps, and passed the Children Act 2004. The Act provides a legislative spine for the wider strategy for improving childrens lives. This covers the universal services which every child accesses, and more targeted services for those with additional needs Department of Education and Skills, Children Act 2004. http://www.dfes.gov.uk/publications/childrenactreport Indeed, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown MP, speaking about child poverty at the Sure Start Conference on 7 July 1999, acknowledges that poverty is a many-sided problem which requires many-sided solutions: First, we must tackle child poverty at its source the absence of work, in work poverty and providing increased financial support for families to tackle child poverty, so that by our actions we lift a million and more children out of poverty. Second, what I want to concentrate on today, because improving public services health visitors, nurseries, playgroups, childcare, learning support in the poorest communities is vital to tackling child poverty, our Sure Start programme will invest in young children in areas of greatest need. Third, we must mobilize not just government, local and national, but voluntary help and community action and in the programmes we are introducing not only in Sure Start but in the New Deal for Communities and our expansion of childcare provision we must mobilize the forces of concern and compassion in new partnerships to tackle child poverty. Fourth, as David Blunkett has said, we must make sure that all our schools are as good as our best. In the old economy it was possible to survive with the old inequalities an education system that advanced only the ambitions of the few. http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/633.htm Key achievements: Labour has undertaken the biggest expansion in early years education since 1945; investing  £21 billion since 1997. Every three and four year old has the right to a free nursery place, which we will extend from 12.5 hours a week to 15 hours by 2010. Since 1997, the number of registered childcare places is up by around 644,000 from a place for one in eight children to one in four children. Delivered nearly 3,000 Sure Start Childrens centres, reaching two million children and their families. Labour has expanded nationally the Bookstart scheme which gives every one and two year old a satchel of books and every three and four year old a treasure chest of books and crayons. http://www.labour.org.uk/early_years Sure Start Sure Start was the Labour Governments programme that aimed to deliver the best start in life for every child. They bring together early education, family support, childcare, health and welfare advice. It aims to develop services in some of the more disadvantaged areas (identified by the multiple of deprivation indices. In Sure Start there is a normally a central office where all the team work together to support children and families in the local areas. The sure start programme was initially a ten year programme but was abolished in favour of childrens Centres. The change from Sure Start has not really been noticed and is still referred to as Sure Start. Amid all the hullabaloo about the governments 10-year childcare strategy, one quite momentous change has gone relatively unnoticed: the governments much-lauded Sure Start programme has been abolished. N. Glass, The Guardian, Wednesday January 5 2005 The Sure Start centres, provided integrated services including health services and family support services, as well as childcare. The different services that children centres provide for children and families contribute to the Every Child Matters outcomes. Local authorities lead in planning and implementing centres. Some of the services I have seen implemented at RoseHill include, support that has been individually tailored to meet the families and their childrens needs such as, parenting assessment, working with families in the home or at the centre based on a one to one basis, providing parenting courses that aim to improve parental skills so improve the life and chances for children. There are also family workers at the centre that deal with over 11s and their families and carers, this service aims to work through problems the family may have and keep the children at their homes with their parents. One big issue the centre faces in relation to families is that of extended families and the centre provides a much needed support framework and advice for children and families that are going through divorce and separation issues, given the families a safe environment to discuss issues and problems. Along side this are the other services normally associated with a Children Centre, education courses , healthy eating, reading and writing support, I.T. help, employment help such as C.V. writing and interview techniques, and childcare support. Some of the members include:   Education advisers Activities Volunteer co-coordinators Midwives Crà ¨che Workers Health Visitors Play workers Speech and language therapist Child care advisors Family Support (Social Services PEEP Workers IT Trainers One of the most important facts that impacted on the programme was that the Sure Start programme was not allowed to run its full ten years span, and little or no follow-up evidence was available for analysis, before expansion. With principal responsibility for Sure Start alongside my DfES colleagues, I had to argue against its immediate expansion on the grounds that it would be better to accumulate some experience of running it first. (By the October 1999, when I first discussed the scheme with the chancellor there were only two local projects actually running). My arguments did not win the day and in July 2000 the programme was extended to 550 local projects. Norman Glass Society Guardian, 2005:1 The Sure Start programme was very generously funded and when the programme was agreed to be spread around a further 3,500 centres, the money had to come from somewhere. This meant that the generous funding had to be more evenly distributed. This has meant that the centres had very limited funding and cuts had to be made. Although the Sure Start programme did not continue for the full planned ten year term and lost most of the generous funding, many of the good practice is carried out in the Children Centres that followed the Sure Start initiatives one of which is PEEP. PEEP is an early learning intervention, which aims to contribute towards improving the life chances of children, particularly in disadvantaged areas.  It concentrates on supporting parents/carers to develop three particular aspects of learning with their children: literacy and numeracy self-esteem learning dispositions The PEEP Learning Together programme  focuses on how to make the most of the learning opportunities in everyday life at home listening, talking, playing, singing, sharing books and having fun!  PEEP supports parents and carers  in their role as the first educators of their children. It works with adults about their childrens very early learning. http://www.peep.org.uk/section.asp?id=5 Another flaw of the Sure Start centres was that although Sure Start centres were based in deprived areas not all deprived children lived in these neighbourhoods. Because not all disadvantaged children live in deprived areas each small sure start programme could serve only a minority of disadvantaged children: those from adjacent areas could not could not participate and local authorities and health agencies were faced with relatively well-financed early years programmes in one part of their domain and much less well provided areas next door. This was very difficult to handle. Norman Glass Society Guardian, 2005:1 We know that children who grow up in poor families are less likely to reach their full potential, less likely to stay on at school, or even attend school, more likely to fall into the dead end of unemployment and poverty as an adult, more likely to become unmarried teenage mothers, more likely to be in the worst jobs or no jobs at all, more likely to be trapped in a no win situation poor when young, unemployed when older. http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/633.htm Another weakness of the centres is that it involves trying to motivate and empower the local community to identify their needs and participate in the management side of the day to day running. This requires community workers who have good community and social skills to encourage local community members to actively take part. The concerns were that after the ten years were up that the community centres would not have been taken on by the local members and the centres would eventually be closed down. The Childrens Centre at Rosehill was formerly a Sure Start Centre and the differences are striking. The centre has lost a vast amount of staff members and the funding has been cut considerably. The workers continue to provide opportunities for the local parents and children so the principles of Sure Start are being maintained. Some of the local projects are working well such as the Reclaim your garden for food, Further education for parents, IT sessions, and one particular programme that I am involved with is Without Walls. Without Walls aims to network within the community to bring people together and try out new activities. It aims to break down barriers between people by organising little trips and coffee mornings with a view to a residential trip in the near future. The strengths of this project are that it encourages members of the community to mix with different groups within the community and to form a bond between them. Encouraging and empowering people to try different activ ities in a comfortable and safe environment. The only draw back is that Community Development takes time, patience and enthusiasm. Disadvantaged communities have to be persuaded to participate and their natural suspicious leads them to hang back until there is something to show. Norman Glass Society Guardian, 2005:1 The childrens centre network is still being expanded, and there will be up to 2,500 childrens centre throughout the country. Centers will be established to provide the most disadvantaged areas with links to local childcare networks and Job centre Plus. The ten-year strategy for childcare recommends that more local area based and to ensure that services are more accessible. The Strengths of Local based and community development programs are: The strengths of these projects are:- Brings diversity to local areas Raises education within the community Builds social capital Promotes a more healthy lifestyle Facilitates more parents to be able to return to work Develops individual social skills Encourages participation of community members Promotes cohesiveness Uses a bottom up approach as opposed to top down Creates Job opportunities Attracts other resources Has local government involvement The Limitations of Local based and community development programs are: It doesnt always reach those that vulnerable and excluded Resources limited opportunities Can cause discrimination over resources Funding limitations Can be difficult to evaluate/target and identify objectives Time consuming Can have funding limitations The project was aimed at parents to enable them to raise their children themselves, this in itself can prove difficult as many different cultures, races and societies have different views on what is considered successful parenting. Some of the more successful local projects seen at Rosehill/Littlemore Childrens Centre have been the parenting courses and Baby G, a group set up specifically to target under 25s with young children and childcare courses. This has brought a diverse group from the community together and is still successfully recruiting members that might not have attended the centre for various reasons. Again outreach work has enabled this to happen. In conclusion, local based area projects are as successful so long as participation is encouraged and that the projects are based on the communities needs. Community workers must continue to empower local residents to take part and in part, own the projects themselves in order for it to be sustainable. The most important part of any project is to reach the more vulnerable members of the local population; this can be achieved by successful outreach work. The success of any local area based projects depends entirely on the community workers personal skills and support from local authorities, along with a good community based knowledge. To be able to continue with all the work at Childrens Centres) I believe the projects need more funding to grow and sustain the important work carried out by these centres. Only with more government funding will they survive and be successful. Bibliographies and Referencing www.socialexclusion.gov.uk, 3rd November 2008 Haralambos and Holborn, 2004, Sociology, Themes and Perspective, Sixth Edition, HarperCollins Publishers Limited. Brown, G., (1999) Speech by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown MP, at the Sure Start Conference, 7 Jul. 1999, London: HM Treasury (online). http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/633.htm November 3rd 2008 Glass, N., 2005 Surely some mistake? Society Guardian 5th January, pg1 Glass, N., The Guardian, Wednesday January 5 2005, pg 1 http://www.dfes.gov.uk/publications/childrenactreport 20th October 2008, 10.23am http://www.labour.org.uk/early_years 21st October 2008, 10.39am http://www.peep.org.uk/section.asp?id=5 20th October 2008, 10.13am Imrie, R. and Raco, M. (2003), Urban Renaissance. New Labour, community and urban policy. Bristol, The Policy Press

The History Of Manufactured Bicycles Economics Essay

The History Of Manufactured Bicycles Economics Essay Brompton Bicycle is a  bicycle  manufacturer based in  Brentford,  London, in the  United Kingdom and largest volume bicycle manufacturer in Britain by Andrew Ritchie in 1976. Models are named using a code containing two letters either side of a number to describe the handle bar type, number of gears and factory attached fixtures. An optional suffix is appended to show the inclusion of titanium upgrades. In Britain the clubs membership is changing, with 35-40% of Brompton customers now women. The average riders age has also dropped below 40. Its getting profit in uk . Brompton Bicycle is a  British  company that specialises in  folding bicycles, commonly known as Bromptons. Bromptons are popular among  bicycle commuters, especially in the UK, the  Netherlands, and  Japan. Fast and compact folding is seen as the Bromptons key competitive advantage. The Brompton design has remained fundamentally unchanged over three decades, although it has been steadily refined. The Brompton was conceived as a product that increases peoples  independence  and  freedom,  means peple can use this cycle wherever they can use. Approximately 22,000 bicycles are produced by the company each year of which 70 percent are exported to asia and Europe. The compact dimensions of most folding bikes allow easy transport in public transport where travelling with a normal bike can be difficult or forbidden. We can this cycle in different style handlebar like c type handlebar, m type handlebar, s type handlebar and p type handlebar. -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brompton_Bicycle PEST ANALYSIS OF BROMPTON BICYCLE: Political factor: The number of people cycling on Londons major roads has nearly doubled since 2000 and Transport for London (TfL) is targeting a 5% mode share for cycling by 2025. South West Trains, part of Stagecoach Group, has joined forces with Brompton Bicycle in a bid to encourage passengers to cycle as part of a fully integrated low carbon journey combining bike and train. Every one like this bikes because it is efficient to ride but can be quickly folded into a package smaller than an average suitcase, so people can take wherever they like. Economic factor: Though exports account for around 75 per cent of its output, it continues to manufacture all of its   bikes in the UK. Its getting profit here. Social factor: Brompton bike got a award, Mr Ritchie, who was awarded the prize that recognizes a lifetime contribution to design, has spent 21 years perfecting the Brompton, which is manufactured in Britain and sells around the world. At a reception celebrating 50 years of British design genius at Buckingham Palace. Technological factor: When transporting a Brompton Bicycle, for instance by Plane, Train, Car or boat it would be beneficial to have a protective case-like product that would protect from typical transit damage and be used to store the bike in any of its likely environments. There is a need for such a protective case to also double as a fully functional bike trailer that will attach to the rear of the bike and be used to transport light to moderate loads. -http://www.stagecoachgroup.com SWOT ANALYSIS OF BROMPTON BICYCLE: strength: Brompton bicycle is Generally  travel free  and without booking restrictions on rail, bus, underground, ferry or air services. Its that freedom to travel anywhere with your bike that gives folding bikes a magic quality. A folding bike can open up entirely new ways of travelling. Its have many colour with extra tall frame to fit tall riders. From 1976, Brompton was in business, although growth was infuriatingly slow. Today, the Brompton Bicycle Ltd turns out 100 precision-crafted bikes a day from its cosy, familial factory in Kew. It sells them in 27 international markets, as well as servicing the needs of the 200,000 passionately dedicated Brompton users already on the road. Bromptons have been ridden from  London  to  Cape Town  and around the  South Pole, but theyre at their most perfectly useful in an urban environment. Brompton is the last major manufacturer making bikes in London a true, two-wheeled, capital success story. It has succeeded, according to managing director Will Butler-Adams, by focusing on its roots. Brompton remains in London because the business is the staff and the staff are here. They make something fashionable. People like the Brompton because its fun and it fits into their lives. In London, the bike is moving from being an issue of personal choice to being a corporate and political city solution. On the corporate side, Brompton already leases a fleet of bikes to South West Trains at Waterloo, and Mr Butler-Adams has plans to provide package deals including bikes, training, storage and insurance to other companies. Bromptons nearby neighbour in west London. The British Design Council, which annually awards the prize for the respective designers lifetime achievement, argued that the foldable Brompton bike manufactured by the engineer in the UK and sold throughout the world won for its lightness, portability, smoothness of ride, and the sense of freedom it bestows. Brompton Bicycle should produce 25,000 bikes this year, achieving sales of  £7m-  £8m, and Ritchie expects it to grow 25% a year under the leadership of managing director Butler-Adams. Exports to markets such as the Netherlands, America, Germany, Japan and Scandinavia account for about 60% of its sales. weakness : All seat pillars are available in both steel and aluminium versions. With the standard seat pillar, the Brompton and Brooks saddles can be up to 995mm from the ground. If your inside leg is more than 33/84cm, you will almost certainly need either of the longer seat pillars; the telescopic pillar is suitable for an inside leg of more than 35/89cm, or for a taller rider wishing to minimise the height of the folded bike. So for the shorter people it can be difficult for ride. Its not adjustable as other bigger cycle.The merits and drawbacks of small and large wheels alike can be argued into the late hours. Opportunities: The Brompton is the only bike in the world to combine such ready portability with a first-class ride, and it creates countless new opportunities for using a bicycle. Malcolm Shepherd, Chief Executive of Sustrans said: Cycling England has  been a crucial conduit for funding which has touched the lives of millions of people by making it possible for people to cycle for everyday journeys. And Brompton bikes are suitable for the every journey. Here are so many bike company competitor for the Brompton bikes. Alldays Onions, Bickerton- folding bikes. Boardman bikes, british eagle, claud bulter, dawes, etc.. bicycles are here. Like Brompton bickerton is also a folding cycle. It can be a main competitor. The  Bickerton, also called the  Bickerton Portable, was a portable, aluminium  folding bicycle  designed by Harry Bickerton and manufactured in the UK between 1971 and 1991. The bicycle was entirely made of aluminium profiles. Its riding properties were poor, partly as the aluminium parts could never be properly locked in place. In its weight and folded package size it broke new ground  and it is cited by  Andrew Ritchie  as one of his inspirations in creating the highly successful  Brompton bicycle. So the Brompton is better than any cycle thats why70% Brompton bike are exporting to asia and Europe. Threats: The iconic UK folding bike maker Brompton is a curious company.   Though exports account for around 75 per cent of its output, it continues to manufacture all of its   bikes in the UK. Brompton bicycles many parts are custom made which may bring delays and extra costs for repairs from other than authorized dealers. The bike may be less suited to long rides as most models have restricted gears. Brompton manufacture the basic frame in one size only. Riders requiring a bottom bracket to saddle top height of more than 715mm/28 can select an extended seat post to give a maximum saddle height of 775mm/30.5 . There is also a telescopic seat post option which gives greater height still and does not compromise the size of the folded package, although it adds substantial weight. -http://www.bikesandtrailers.com/folding-bikes/brompton.html Before doing any business first we have to do pest analysis in that country which is following PEST ANALYSIS OF BANGLADESH: Political environment Bangladesh is a densely populated and poor nation in South Asia. Bangladesh gained its independence in 1971, following Indias intervention in a rebellion against West Pakistan .In the years since independence, Bangladesh has established a reputation as a largely moderate and democratic majority Muslim country. The Bangladesh National Party and the Awami League traditionally have dominated Bangladeshi politics, with the AL in government since January 2009. Bangladesh was ruled by a military-backed caretaker government led by Fakhruddin Ahmed for approximately two years prior to the return to democracy that was ushered in by the December 2008 election. The current Hasina government came to power in free and fair elections with an overwhelming majority in parliament. Economic environment The  economy of  Bangladesh  is constituted by that of a  developing country.Its  per capita income  in 2008 was est. US$1,500. According to the  International Monetary Fund, Bangladesh ranked as the  48th largest economy  in the world in 2009, with a gross domestic product of US$256 billion. The economy has grown at the rate of 6-7% p.a. over the past few years. Most Bangladeshis earn their living from agriculture.  Although rice and jute are the primary crops, maize and vegetables are assuming greater importance Social environment Roughly 80% of its population lives on less than $2 a day. Its population is largely Muslim and its geography is dominated by its low-lying riparian aspect. There are many dialects of Bengali spoken throughout the region. The dialect spoken by those in  Chittagongand  Sylhet  are particularly distinctive. In 2009 the population was estimated at 156 million. Religiously, about 90% of Bangladeshis are  Muslims  and the remainder are mostly  Hindus. Technological environment The  Bangladesh  Space Research and Remote Sensing Organisation operates remote sensing facilities using both French and American satellites and applying meteorological and geographic data to such basic problems as water management, soil fertility, forecasting, and agricultural census work. In 1986 it became the first non-American organization ever to receive an award for excellence from the  United States  National Aeronautics and Space Administration, which provided training for Bangladeshi scientists and grants of equipment and technical assistance. The  Bangladesh  Atomic Energy Commission operates an experimental nuclear reactor and also conducts important agricultural research on seeds, parasites, storage of harvested crops, and irradiation. http://www.traderscity.com/board/countrytargetedleads/Bangladesh.html PEST ANALYSIS OF INDIA: Political environment After Indias independence on August 15, 1947, India received most of the subcontinents 562 widely scattered polities, or princely states, as well as the majority of the British provinces, and parts of three of the remaining provinces. Muslim Pakistan received the remainder. Pakistan consisted of a western wing, with the approximate boundaries of modern Pakistan, and an eastern wing, with the boundaries of present-day Bangladesh. India is a Sovereign, Secular, Democratic Republic with a Parliamentary form of Government. The Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949 and came into force on 26th November 1950. India exported US$21.8 billion worth of merchandise to the United States in 2006, up 16.1% from 2005 and up 84.7% in just 4 years.Indian imports from the U.S. rose 26.3% to $10.1 billion in 2006, up 146% since 2002. Economic environment The  economy of India  is the  eleventh largest  economy in the world by  nominal GDP  and the  fourth largest  by  purchasing power parity. Following strong economic reforms from the socialist inspired  economy  of a post-independence Indian nation, the country began to develop a fast-paced economic growth, as  free market  principles were initiated in 1990 for international competition and foreign investmenIndias  per capita income  is $1,030, ranked  139th  in the world,  while its per capita (PPP) of US$2,940 is ranked  128th. Indias large service industry accounts for 55% of the countrys Gross Domestic Product (GDP) while the industrial and agricultural sector contribute 28% and 17% respectively. Social environment Current Population of India in 2010 is around 1,150,000,000 (1.15 billion) people. Hinduism  accounted for 80.5% of the  population of India.  Islam  (13.5%),  Christianity  (3.0%) and  Sikhism  (2.3%) are the other major religions followed by the people of India. There are 29 language in india. Technological environment The Indian  software industry has grown from a mere US $ 150 million in 1991-92 to a staggering US $ 5.7 billion in 1999-2000.  Ã‚  No other Indian industry has performed so well against the global competition .The annual growth rate of Indias software exports has been consistently over 50 percent since 1991.   Indias software exports would be around $ 6.3 billion, in addition to $ 2.5 billion in domestic sale. -http://www.stylusinc.com/business/india/business_india.htm PEST ANALYSIS OF NEPAL With thousands of readers from over fifty countries visiting the Nepal Home Page every week, it is an excellent platform to promote your Nepal related businesses. political environment An isolated, agrarian society until the mid-20th century,  Nepal  entered the modern era in 1951 without schools, hospitals, roads, telecommunications, electric power, industry, or civil service. Import and export  is encouraged by the government in order to promote good business and encourage growth which will hopefully result in a higher employment rate, higher salaries and a better standard of living for all in time The export-oriented carpet and garment industries have grown rapidly in recent years and together now account for approximately 70% of merchandise exports. Nepals merchandise trade balance has improved somewhat since 2000 with the growth of the carpet and garment industries. Economic environment Agriculture  remains Nepals principal economic activity, employing 80% of the population and providing 37% of  GDP. Only about 20% of the total area is cultivable; another 33% is forested; most of the rest is mountainous. Rice and wheat are the main food crops. The lowland Terai region produces an agricultural surplus, part of which supplies the food-deficient hill areas. Social environment Nepals current population is 28,563,377. According to the 2001 census, 80.6 percent of Nepalese are Hindu, 10.7 percent are  Buddhist, 4.4% are  Muslim[1], 3.6 percent are  Kirat  (an indigenous religion with Hindu influence), 0.5 percent are  Christian, and 0.4 percent are classified as other groups such as  Bà ¶n  religion. Technological environment Nepal has been a late starter in modem science and technology. In pursuance of self- reliance, it developed technological capabilities in some specific areas such as agriculture, civil engineering, architecture, metallurgy, water management, medicine, textile and paper manufacture, dyeing and food technology. by (http://www.visitnepal.com/business) PESTEL ANALYSIS IN SRI LANKA POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT Socialistic predilection in Sri Lanka was unswerving, but as time passed by it gave room for investment overseas in 1978. Board of Investment operates as a sovereign legal bureau with investment in foreign countries as a focus. BOI is authorized to yield grants to organizations that meet the basic eligibility standards on minimal investment, employment and exports. When the organization fails to meet the standards then its projects have to be sanctioned by the respective departments of the government. BOI also deals with the 10 zones of free trade, which is known as the export-processing zones. BOI possess the authorization to relieve any confinements on the FDI Eleven huge privatizations were accounted for 34% of the FDI. Nevertheless due to the instable political conditions and conflicting ethnicity the advancement on this issue is been decelerate for years. The president sketched out regarding anti-privatization economical scheme in his electoral pronunciamento known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Mahinda Chintanaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸. Various enterprises of the state which designing itself to be privatized were not approved, this includes the airports and banks. Privatize. Organization was planned to be regulated by the government which will turn the loss into a profit-making organization. ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Sound rates of growth has been steady in Sri Lanka despite if its intense violence on ethnicity. Rich private demand of requirements, core industrialization, primarily the intensive labour textile industry and the advancement of domestic tea manufacturing hiked the growth rate of the economy. The well-disposed FDI policy of the government ensued the zooming inflows of capital. The deceleration in the global issues activated an acute condensation in the activities of the economy in the year 2001. Subsequently there was a recuperation in the sectors of the industries that is impelled by a firm external demand and an increased growth rates in the sectors relating to service resulted in a sizeable enlargement of economical activities though the tsunami that hit the sectors of agriculture was critically damaged. Deficits in the fiscal aspects are an important issue to the government, which has been diminishing in the years past. The current fiscal obligates to cut back deficits. There are many industries that imparts in great value to the GDP that engages greater population of the manpower, this comprises of the industry in tourism, and the service industries. When taking industries into consideration, it is the textile industry that yields greater sum of revenues in export. SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT Sri Lanka holds a populace of 20,238,000, of which Sinhalese constitutes about 74%, Sri Lankan Moors constitutes about 7.2%, Sri Lankan Tamils constitutes about 3.9% and the Indian Tamils constitutes about 4.6%. When religions are taken into consideration the Buddhists comprise a major share of 69.1%. Sri Lanka is prominently a rustic area that holds 79% of the population. The populace medial age is 30 and 7.8% constitute for an age group of 65 and over. The health index of Sri Lanka is fairly good when compared to other countries in Asia. The government has an expenditure of 46.3% from the 4% of the aggregate GDP for medical expenses of the country. The expected life span is 73.4yrs of the aggregate populace. TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT The telecom sphere was improved to an incredible extent in terms of liberalizing right in the 90à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s. Act of Sri Lankan Telecommunication of 1991 founded the Sri Lanka telecom also known as the SLT, it awarded the permit to function in the global system. -http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/srilanka.html After analyzing the market we have found out that there is huge market opportunity in Sri Lanka to sell folding bikes. Due to low price there are more chances that Brompton folding bikes can become the market leader successfully after some time because of many reasons such as low cost, already operation exist in Sri Lanka and due to climate condition. If we talk about local competition, it is very less. The local players get the help by the government also where the government has distributed a project to provide good cycle facility supply to those households. Im a manager of this product and i want to make profit thats why Im going to launch this product in south asia. I will launch this product in sri lanka and will export in 3 other countries, they are Bangladesh, india and Nepal. It will be better to launch this product in south asia because there labour cost will be low and we can sell this cycles in low cost. Brompton bicycles cost in uk is  £600 and over. Here, labour cost is expensive than south asia so we cant export from here. In south asia there is a scope for this product. There is a great number of people who are using bicycle but they arent like Brompton they cant fold, they are difficult for their journey. so it will be a new kind of cycle in south asia. I can make a profit. It will be cheaper so most of the people will buy it. I can make a market over there. Here are different types to entering new market they are: Export Joint venture FDI Strategic alliances Among these methods im going to use joint venture method because it will be better for my profit if i will export from here it will cost expensive. First i will go sri lanka and will talk in srilankan embassy, i will choose one cycle company as my partner over there and i will do good business over there and will make profit. 4PS ABOUT THE PRODUCT: Product: my product is folding bicycle. Price: labour cost will be low so per cycle it will cost  £90. Place: i will open my company in Colombo kingdom of sri lanka because there i can gget more facility than other place. Promotion: The literacy rate is 92% in Sri Lanka which is considered as a good rate. To sell the Brompton folding bikes every company more emphasizes on direct marketing such as event or trade show and personal selling. We will give this news first all over in sri lanka later 3 other countries by tv news and international news paper. MARKETING PLAN: Our product have made plan for Brompton folding bicycle for next five yrs. To increase our sale and profit we will spend half of our advertisement budget on personal selling because by this only we can aware consumers about our products and persuade consumers to buy the products. PRODUCTION CAPACITY: During the first year, product will be imported to Sri Lanka And later the demand of the product goes 3 other countries to have a manufacturing Unit can also be considered. This will result in better pricing of the product will result in more sales and Profits. BUDGET: Selling expenses: Staff salaries, Sales support and distribution staff expenses are included. The total expenditure is  £ 1210000.00 Sales and advertisement: For radio advertisement = £5000 Newspaper/magazine = £6000 Tv ad = £25000 Sales promotion = £250000 including customer awareness program Customer oriented = £200000 Trade oriented = £750000 Support line = £600000

High-fi Cy-fi Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Literature Papers

High-fi Cy-fi The world of Cyberpunk can be compared to a creature of fantasy. This fantasy creature unfolds wings of enchantment and uncoils a sinewy body of treachery and suspicion that is adept at drawing the attention of anyone who has an interest in science fiction or adventure. Cyberpunk is a form of science-fiction that is described by Garyn Roberts as "characterized by tough characters in tough worlds (Intro 1006)." The toughness of cyberpunk heroes can be related to the detective fiction stories of the 1920’s and 1930’s. This particular genre is also characterized by themes of technology, particularly virtual reality. In this form of science-fiction literature, it is very easy to discern the involvement of Rock ‘n’ Roll and punk themes. In this essay, I plan to prove that cyberpunk is a very creative form of literature and not the irrelevant, or unimportant, literature it was once perceived to be (Intro 1006). To do this I will provide an in-depth description of what is referred to as the Matrix, access to the matrix, descriptions of the extent to which technology is integrated into the life of those inhabiting a cyberpunk reality, and electronics capable of creating artificial creatures. The Matrix. In the cyberpunk world it can be linked to everything or it can represent everything such as in the movie The Matrix. When spoken of in terms of being a physical entity the matrix is simply nothing. The matrix is a name given to the theoretical space that exists in the digital world. "Trying to remind myself that this place and the gulfs beyond are only representations, we aren’t "in" Chromes computer, but interfaced with it, while the matrix simulator in Bobby’s apartment generates this illusion†¦ (Gibson 1011)." In ... ...rpunk is a form of writing that is sure to grow in popularity. Bibliography Bear, Greg(ory Dale). "Blood Music." The Prentice Hall Anthology of Science Fiction and Fantasy. Ed. Leah Jewell. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2001. 1019-1035 Cameron, James. "Terminator, The." Published by: Pacific Western, Hemdale Film Funding, Euro Film Funding, and Cinema 84: 1984. James Cameron and Gale Anne Hurd Gibson, William (Ford). "Burning Chrome." The Prentice Hall Anthology of Science Fiction and Fantasy. Ed. Leah Jewell. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2001. 1006-1019 "Matrix." Infoplease Dictionary. 2001 Learning Network. 7 Dec, 2001 http://www.infoplease.com/ipd/AO531187.html. Roberts, Garyn G. "Introduction to ‘Burning Chrome’." The Prentice Hall Anthology of Science Fiction and Fantasy. Ed. Leah Jewell. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2001. 1006

The Real Purpose of a University Education Essay -- Argumentative Educ

The Real Purpose of a University Education All my life I knew I would be attending college. There never seemed to be any other option available as far as I knew. I never really stopped to think about whether or not it was necessary for me, or why it was so important; I was just funneled into the college curriculum in high school. I have attended the University of Arkansas for three years now, and have heard two main arguments over the purpose of a college education. One is that college is a place to train for a job, and the other is that college should be an institute of higher learning with no real focus on a future job. Challenged to form an opinion on this matter, I finally decided that neither side is absolutely right. In fact, I decided that the â€Å"purpose† of college should not even be an issue. College is what the student makes it. However they view college, all of the students will come out with some very similar experiences and benefits. I often hear professors grumbling about students who don’t value learning for the sake of learning. They feel that students who view college as job training may as well be in some vocational school, leaving university life for the more â€Å"enlightened† among us. This seems ridiculous to me. The majority of people in the United States will have to get jobs in order to support themselves or their families until retirement. So, you may as well plan to get a good job that pays well and you enjoy. What better place to plan and train for a future job that college? First of all, college provides students with an opportunity to explore different subjects and to find out what they truly love doing. Also, according to a 1994 College Board Study, college students will make an av... ...this, imagine the possibilities of a college education. Obviously, all of these things that you gain from college that I have discussed in reference to society could also be applied to finding jobs. A potential employer would find any of these qualities attractive. However, as already mentioned, this is beside the point. I think we should stop wasting time fussing over the purpose of a university education, and simply make it whatever you want it to be. If you’re here to get prepared for a job, then do it. While you’re at it, learn something you did not necessarily plan to. You may enjoy it. If you’re here to become absorb knowledge like a sponge, then do it. While you’re at it, you get ready for a future career. You may need a job someday. It doesn’t matter if you attend college to get a job or to become enlightened--the benefits will come either way.

America Land of Hypocrats

Every aspect of the modern world has been wracked with scandals often involving many prominent personalities. Politicians, entertainers, athletes and socialites have been the target of many open accusations on wrong doings. More often than not, scandals or wrongdoings which are sexual in nature are the very ones that are discovered, spread and read in the papers. The private lives of individuals involved are laid open for public consumption as embarrassing sexual activities are investigated and ridiculed.They are usually the stories of people we read in the papers, hear being blamed and criticized on air, viewed and discussed amongst hosts and guests of television talk shows and the butt of jokes in common break-time conversations. The sexual behavior of famous people has become a huge part of entertainment as the media strives to outdo one another to give the most titillating and sexually adventurous background of a story.Throughout the decades, the sexual lives of prominent figures like politicians and rich businessmen who erred beyond their marital bed were often morally ridiculed. Their sexual escapades were told and retold to the next person aching to listen, and listeners came in droves ultimately hungry for a kill. The more famous the individual is, the bigger the likelihood of having his/her sexual activities discussed openly among ordinary individuals. We have seen many men exalted into political positions and fame getting involved with inappropriate sexual behavior.As their lives become public knowledge, they suffer invariable disgrace and have their reputations ruined forever. Political and military leaders are assumed to have an attitude possessing integrity as a quality that allows people, mostly his constituents and subordinates to grant him trust and respect commensurate to his public office and position. His favorable actions are considered above reproach and praised thus requiring him to conduct himself with dignity at all times.However, a sing le immoral deed when discovered and exposed could mark the end of his political career as his image becomes tarnished with relevant proof and negative criticisms. President Jefferson went down in the annals of history accused of maintaining a â€Å"Congo Harem† and fornicating with a slave, â€Å"Sally Hemmings† (Fitch, 2004:247). Likewise in a much publicized determination over the personal relationship between Monica Lewinsky and President Bill Clinton, another congressional inquiry morally questioned the sexual liaisons of Gary Condit and Chandra Levy (Fitch, 2004: 248).In the past, sexual behavior has been delegated to create a barometer for acceptable and non-acceptable sexual behavior and punishing it with public humiliation and loss of status (Apostolidis and Williams, 2004: 20). As an egalitarian society that fights to uphold a doctrine that strives to treat all men as equals, we are suddenly faced with the pressing question of accepting sexual behavior and rel axing our relentless probing of tawdry affairs between sexes regardless of affiliation within the realms of politics or seemingly allowing Victorian attitudes to morally judge a person.Considering the very nature of sexual scandals that wracked the nation has often been synonymously targeted against individuals whose relevant positions make them vulnerable to suppression and control by a higher force within the political system, are we not prone to maneuvers instead? Statement of the Problem In a ripe age of modernity amidst an age of sex scandals and political maneuvers and machinations, we are faced with the question over an understanding of human sexuality as a human nature and an acceptance of natural responses to consensual sexual behavior regardless of gender and identity.Purpose of the Study In the study of sexual scandals within the American politics, our aim is to explain normal sexual behavior and the natural human response. Political figures being humans themselves are de finitely not averse to acts and deeds related to sex which is the subject of this study. In the understanding of human sexuality, this study will likewise explain how the natural human response have been brutally exposed and expanded to portray an overly unacceptable behavior particularly among prominent political figures as a motive for political party destruction and black propaganda.This study shall finally explain how collegiate students can exercise a modicum of understanding rather than moral ridicule over sexual behavior among people holding public office without necessarily promoting a relaxation of moral values among political leaders. Review of Related Literature The Human Natural Response to Sex Countless studies have supported that humans have a need for sex reconstructed and made clear in an unceasing receptivity that goes far beyond reproduction (Diamond, 1998: 67).For Diamond, the human biological function of sex is an evolutionary process that has created a continuin g interest yet highly susceptible to predators (Diamond, 1998: 11). The National Institute of Health has also explained that in the understanding and acceptance of normal sexuality, sex should be understood as a vital part of life closer probably to the human need for pleasure and gratification (Calderone in NIH). Sex encompasses normal interactions among individuals where a sublime need for physical, emotional and sexual intimacy soon develops sometimes beyond the consideration of accepted norms in the society.This was likewise explained in the renowned works of Masters and Johnson, where the anatomical and physiological human responses to sex are directly dependent to a stimulus (Hock, 2006). Out of the pioneering efforts of authors Masters and Johnson, we begin to develop an understanding of how individuals may develop a wide variety of choices in their sexual encounters. The male specie as the known progenitor of sex in several social analyses may offer money, status and commitm ent in exchange for sex (Baumeister, 2001: 7).In this transaction, our common ideas have supported a conclusion that the woman is exploited by a man in the process which can be taken to indicate that men and women play different response to sex in the order of strength of sexual desire. Yet based on the theories and explanation of natural human response to sex, the woman actually gives up nothing in return for her sexual favor because not only the male enjoys sex but the woman also gets sexual pleasures and the satisfaction of her own desires (Hock, 2006).In a sense with limited resource, we are however led to the belief that the woman’s capacity to command a higher price for sex becomes less with the increasing number of sexual partners by explaining the theory of rewards that, â€Å"where something is given out freely in the long run looses value† (Baumeister, 2001: 276). In the concept of homosexuality, we are led to believe on the perverse implications of homosexua l behavior as a confusing role in the society. The complicated biological nature of sexuality however supports that humans express their sexuality in a variety of ways (Giddens, 2006:437).Theories explaining sexual responses also believed that homosexuality is not a choice that can allow one person to renounce homosexuality at the risk of giving up loving and being loved by another (Giddens, 2006:436). Where ideas about sexuality are undergoing magnified changes, we are confronted with recent trends of homosexuality within a continuing struggle against discrimination. Yet for many authors, the division and shaping of gender roles happens gradually as humans gain mastery of its environment (Diamond, 2006:122). Censure and Sexual ConservatismIn countless years, the human sexual response has faced criticism as contingent biological facts faced ethical censure against American archaic obscenity laws. For many centuries, in the ethics of sexual conservatism, sex is permitted between a ma rried couple (male and female) which only later permitted consensual sex among alternative marriage between same-sex partners (Apostolidis and Williams, 2004:149). Monogamous heterosexual marriage frowned upon premarital and extramarital while imposing the values of sexual exclusivity as a concept of good.Justifying sexual ethics soon became a sexual code conduct that undermines human frailty and weakness as part of man’s natural biological and psychological make-up (Baumeister, 2001: 281). Sexual Conservatism became a mode among older generations as forms of eroticism and homoerotic sex is shunned upon and evidently discouraged in order to protect the privacy of the individual in sustaining social order (Davis, 1996:59). A New Understanding on Human Sexuality In the last forty years or so, we have moved from an idealistic view of human nature by relaxing appealing views on sexual freedom and understanding.The 60’s created for us a period of experimentation on freedom of human sexual response topped with socialistic problems of single motherhood that began to disprove sexual censorships of the past centuries and decades (Fitch, 2004: 92). In an attempt to create order in a society, the punitive forces against sexual behaviors became relaxed and tolerant. Sexual ethics to a degree became understood as something which is variable, depending on the changes in human nature and changes in the human society (Diamond, 2006: 95).Open discussions on sexuality soon became a positive issue in an integral point of discussion on the promotion of responsible sexual behaviors. Expanded research on the topic opened dialogues and strategies to promote an awareness f sexual behavior. Homosexuality was removed from a list of mental disorders thereby paving the way for an enhanced understanding of health in the context of homosexuality (WHO, 2007). Politicians: Common Targets Sex has continued to permeate as a permanent fixture in the United States political arena.I f we consider the well-publicized scandals at the early days of the republic, we can substantially agree that media freedom contributed well to our knowledge. This is a price politicians have to pay for living within the limelight of press freedom (Apostolidis and Williams, 2004: 7). From Jefferson’s sexual affairs, Kennedy’s sexual indulgences and Clinton’s sexual adventures, public officials have notoriously strayed beyond the bounds of sexual propriety (Apostolidis and Williams, 2004: 7).These scandals are discussed to investigate an abuse of power and influence to some extent but more commonly, America’s desire to talk about it spins the essential reason for its being. Politicians are easy targets in a discourse that stages the regulatory practice of powerful men. Betsy Wright, (a Clinton campaign chair) once said that enormous amounts of money was on the streets as tabloid newspapers and televisions were looking for a Clinton mistress ready to tell a ll whom they could pay off (Shields, Whayne and Kelley, 2004: 30).Although the law often exercises a general presumption of innocence especially on gossips involving sex and politics, other political rivals demand for an eruption to be told. Their lives are placed in public scrutiny while media created a salacious story while the public decide. To protect their position, politicians in turn exercise control by bringing in the big guns for a major cover-up that could exonerate them from the accusation. Such collusion within the government and media in an attempt to break free from a sex scandal may or may not change public sentiment.The socially injured politician could be likely subjected to blackmail as the public’s interest in their personal details catches attention. Analysis Within a political rubric, a sex scandal issue questions the morality of an individual thereby accusing him of misconduct and wrongdoing. Investigating the nature of a sex act, much fuss has been dele gated over a sexual scandal despite the fact that the human sexuality has explained how the sexual aspect of human nature does not conform to solitude and celibate life. Humans have a clear need for sex that ultimately goes far beyond reproduction (Diamond, 1998: 67).This mindless act is understood as a vital part of life as scientific studies proved naturally how human responses are dependent on stimulus and how one works for self-gratification in Freudian principles. In a male-female relationship, the woman is seen as the giver of sex while man, as the taker. In a much diverse and modern understanding of sexuality, theories explaining sexual responses understand and accept that homosexuality is not a choice but simply an alternative means to find love and intimacy (Giddens, 2006:436).The above ideas magnify the societal changes that have provided a deeper understanding of the human sexual response in a world where sexual roles change depending upon human mastery. Criticisms that s ought to break free from an understanding of human sexual response support an American archaic obscenity law that condones sex between married couples alone. A code of conduct is invisibly used to castigate those sexual encounters that go beyond the accepted â€Å"married couple† standard including homoeroticism and auto eroticism perhaps.It is quite clear that America despite claiming egalitarianism still borders on Victorian conservatism that has often been an issue of â€Å"double standard†. The rich technology and passage into modernity has paved way for a modern view on the subject yet where sexual lives of political leaders are discussed. Such ironies are encountered when America’s social make-up demands salacious discussion on erotic escapades of public personalities and political figures. Such indecent behaviors are held out in the open like a frosting on a highly palatable cake while the public greedily eyes it.The sexual aspect of human nature is terri bly disregarded in an effort to point fingers to the sexual perpetrator. In campaign attacks, sexual stories are blown up to portray an animalistic behavior inherent in rival political figures in order to tarnish his character and respectability. The fuss over sex scandals only serve to portray how America has a limited understanding on human sexuality and despite the presence of numerous books, journals and online resources that strive to explain it.Conclusion Our problem strives to answer whether we are in a ripe age of modernity to understand sex scandals in the face of political maneuvers and machinations while relying on the scientific principles of human nature’s response to sexual behavior regardless of gender and identity. America, I believe is steadily approaching and understanding of political maneuvers and machinations as we are suddenly faced with numerous allegations of illicit sexual activities.The past few decades have allowed us to display a relaxed attitude t owards sex as schools and universities strive to impart a better understanding of the subject. Where prominent political figures are concerned however, the American public is deeply dependent on the media and is often quick to point a finger to a perpetrator of prominence. Politicians have received public ridicule over gossips despite the fact that American law exercises a general presumption of innocence especially on gossips involving sex and politics.The American sentiment against sexual wrongdoings still border on Victorian ideas and there is an apparent need for social reform within this context. The human nature and understanding of the wrong doer is stripped indiscriminately applied over in politics in the face of an American public quick to cast a finger without further ado. Recommendations We do not strive to suggest the political and moral responsibility of individuals in public office but rather dwell on an understanding of sexual behavior of men.We strive to impart the k nowledge that America needs to understand the basics of human sexuality before it can gain foothold on a publicized discussion of political sexual scandals. Not only do we uphold media responsibility but strive to insist on legitimacy and credibility of media coverage in sex scandal cases among accused public officials. It has been commonplace for sex scandal issues to be used against a candidate during campaigns. Such attacks and mudslinging has been associated with an election strategy launched against a potential rival and in the end portray American ignorance.Nor do we support that evidence against sexual scandals be stonewalled, concealed and obstructed. Our main aim is merely to procure an understanding of human sexuality as a human nature and an acceptance of natural responses to consensual sexual behavior regardless of gender and identity. There is also a need for America to exercise a deeper understanding of human sexuality. I believe that in fact there is a boiling need fo r reform on generalized views that should be the basis for a future study. Reference Apostolidis, Paul and Williams, Juliet.2004. Public Affairs: Politics in the Age of Sex Scandals. Duke University. Baumeister, Roy F. (2001). Social Psychology and Human Sexuality: Essential Readings. Psychology Press. Davis, Peter. (1996). Intimate Details and Vital Statistic: AIDS, Sexuality and the Social Order in New Zealand. Auckland University. Diamond, Jared. (1998). Why Sex is Fun? : The Evolution of Human Sexuality. New York: Basic Books. Fitch, Brad. (2004). Media Relations Handbook for Agencies, Associations, Nonprofits, and Congress. The Capitol. Giddens, Anthony.(2006). Sociology. Polity. Hock, Roger R. (2006). Human Sexuality. US: Prentice Hall. Shields, Todd, Whayne, Jeannie, Kelley, Donald R. (2004). The Clinton Riddle: Perspectives on the Forty-second President. University of Arkansas. United States. National Institute on Health. Calderone, Mary Steichen. (2003). Human Sexuality. [h andouts] United Nations. World Health Organization. (2007). Human Rights Mechanisms: putting women’s health on the agenda, Lesbian and Bisexual Women’s Health: Common Concerns, Local Issues. [handouts].