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Archaic Period - Ancient American Hunter-Gatherers

Antiquated Period - Ancient American Hunter-Gatherers The Archaic time frame is the name given to summed up tracker gatherer social orders in the American mainlands from around 8,000 to 2000 years BC. Age-old ways of life remembers a reliance for elk, deer, and buffalo contingent upon where the site is, and a wide scope of plant materials. In beach front territories, shellfish and marine well evolved creatures were significant food sources, and fish weirs were a significant innovative development. Old Advances Significant advances of the later Archaic period incorporate earthworks at destinations, for example, Poverty Point and Watson Brake (both in Louisiana), and the main earthenware in the Americas, a fiber-tempered product named after Stallings Island South Carolina were a significant development. During the Altithermal, Archaic people groups dove wells to remain alive in the high fields of west Texas and eastern New Mexico. The Archaic time frame individuals are likewise answerable for the training of such significant New World plants as jug gourd, maize and cassava, the utilization of which plants would thrive in later periods. Local Archaic The term Archaic is very wide, and spreads a tremendous region of North and South America. Subsequently, a few provincial bygone gatherings have been perceived. Territorial Archaic Traditions: Plains Archaic, Oshara Tradition, Maritime Archaic, Shield Archaic, Ortoiroid, Piedmont Tradition, Pinto Culture, San Dieguito, Orange Culture, Mount Albion See Guide to the Mesolithic for data about the generally equal time frame in the Old World.

Essay Topics - The Best Places to Find Essay Topics

Essay Topics - The Best Places to Find Essay TopicsIt may seem easy to find essay topics to grade on, but you will be disappointed to find out that it is not always that easy. Many students never seem to know where to look for good topics. So let's take a look at a few methods to make it easier to find topics for your essays.First of all, most difficult students do not like to talk in class. When they want to talk, they choose topics that are easy to write about. They like topics that are easy to read and that they can use a personal story to explain. Therefore, you will have to figure out which ones they like the best, and write about those.One way to help students write essays about topics they like to talk about is to give them topics that are going to interest them and can be used to explain what they know. They will also appreciate that you are using the topic as a jumping off point for an explanation of something else. If you keep your topic interesting, they will start to see how easy it is to use the topic to create something new.Next, look at what are the things you teach in your courses syllabi. This is also a great way to come up with essay topics for essay writers. Now you will be able to think of something new that they have never seen before, and turn it into an essay topic.Another way to find essay topics that you like is to look online. There are a lot of forums, chat rooms, blogs, etc that are free to join. When you start visiting these places, you will begin to see that there are lots of topics about topics that you like.Another method is to use search engines. Most of the topics that people use are there. You simply have to find the ones that they have not posted yet.After you figure out where they like to talk, then you should find out about their big topic of the semester. If there is a big topic that they want to cover, you will have more homework to complete. But if there is only one big topic, then you will have lots of work to do.Now, y ou know how to find essay topics for your assignments. You should now have two or three of them to work with. Good luck!

Reflection On Miscarriage - 716 Words

Personal Critical Incident Reflection Paper_ Miscarriage Introduction Pregnancy is meant to be an exciting happy time; not only for the mother, but for the whole family and friends. So, when a woman miscarries, the psychological impact/ trauma is unbearable and very devastating. The experience and feeling of loss, grief, guilt, and shame caused by a miscarriage can take a toll on everyone. These feelings can also turn into a major depression in some women and possible questions of what could have I done differently, or feeling like you had a hand it in can start to surface. What occurred. What were the stressors and emotions experienced There are times in life when everything appears to go wrong. It is like your life is stopped; at†¦show more content†¦I did not break down until the fourth day. I begin to cry and feel empty. Then the guilt and the shame kicked in right after that. However, faith and hope kept me moving. Each time I felt empty and lonely, I would pray and call a family member to talk about my loss, or look at the pictures the nurse put together for me. What was the outcome and how would you handle or show up in that situation differently using your knowledge of mindfulness and stress management. Paying attention to the physical sensations of sadness can help us to discover that the tendency to withdraw from people and the things we love to do is a common response. Also, we must accept our feelings as a natural part of having a human heart and that it breaks sometimes and we must give it the attention and love it needs. It may be painful, but being with the sadness without trying to do much to cover it up with distractions is the best way to let the tough times to sort itself out (FMS, 2015). According to Foundation for a Mindful Society (2015), we can come to appreciate the necessity of sadness, how it grounds us and keeps us from becoming superficially cheerful and glossing over real pain. I believe it is a great idea to let a person grieve, and be there when they are ready to talk and acknowledge the pain. ConclusionShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Carmen Frida Kahlo1172 Words   |  5 Pagesabortion was her only choice. She then became pregnant again for the second time, but suffered a miscarriage causing her to lose the child. She expressed her feelings of pain and frustration in a painting which she painted in 1932 called â€Å"Henry Ford Hospital†. Frida once said, â€Å"My painting carries with it the message of pain† (Frida Kahlo). The painting was a reflection of how Frida felt when she had a miscarriage and was not able to bear a child. In the painting, Frida paints herself lying in a bed unclothedRead MorePoor Parenting Revealed in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesThe creature, himself, eloquently describes his plight: â€Å". . . I possessed no money, no friends, no kind of property. I was, besides, endowed with a figure hideously deformed and loathsome. . . .I cannot describe to you the agony that these reflections inflicted upon me; . . .† (Shelley, p. 106). Frankenstein’s role as a neglectful parent and the results of his poor parenting are deeply interconnected and richly developed expeditions within the novel, and could be said to articulate one woman’sRead MoreAnalysis of Sylvia Plaths Mirror1281 Words   |  6 Pagesyears before her actual suicide. After suffering a miscarriage, she realized that she was pregnant again. She and her husband moved to a small town and their marriage began going worse. The poem is not simply about a mirror. This is a poem about self-realization, despair but also truth. We can see the poem as a reflection of Plath’s difficult life, but it’s also the women’s reflections in general. By using a mirror as a narrator and its reflection, Sylvie Plath portrays a picture of herself as wellRead MoreEssay on Pro-Choice Abortion1374 Words   |  6 Pageswill have little or no effect on its use. During times of various legal consequences, some number of women has sought ways to have miscarriages. Usually these are dangerous and severely damaging to the fetus, which can result in it becoming crippled, but not dead. Mothers have hurt themselves by going to illegal abortion clinics, or attempting a self-induced miscarriage. Even women who wouldn?t personally have an abortion believe that it should be legal. They take comfort in the knowledge that theyRead MoreThese various groups are united in their desire for regime change – Sudanese people, who suffer800 Words   |  4 Pagesdemocracy and social justice. 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The paper also includes a discussion on why emotional intelligence is important and ways to enhance emotional intel ligence. What is Emotional IntelligenceRead MoreBenefits of Adoption940 Words   |  4 Pageswho one day may have thought that they would never be loved. Parents who adopt from infertility have already felt what loss and disappointment feels like due to not being able to bear a child. Many times these same parents have experienced prior miscarriages or even unsuccessful fertility clinics. For them, the opportunity to adopt is a great way to start a family. There are hundreds, if not thousands of kids, from different backgrounds who are waiting with open hands. It is sad to know that many ofRead MoreMARY SHELLEY’S FRANKENSTEIN: A PSYCHOLOGICAL REPRESENTATION OF HER FEAR OF CHILDBIRTH1694 Words   |  7 Pagesdepth, we can see that it exudes the true horror of childbirth felt by Shelley, and articulates the fears and anxieties she had regarding her reproductive and nurturing capabilities. Shelley’s life was marked by a series of pregnancies, miscarriages, childbirths, and deaths. Her firsthand experience of a bereavement started early in her life, when her mother died when she was eleven days old, because of a puerperal fever contacted because of childbirth. This marked her first encounter withRead MoreFacebook Is A Good Thing1016 Words   |  5 Pages What the user tend not to post is the negative aspects of their lives. People for example may not share that they flunked the University final exams, did not have the money to go travelling all the countries they wanted to, or that they had a miscarriage. Not seeing all these negative events or emotions on Facebook portrays a one sided image or emotion of that person. Additionally Brown goes into detail on how photo are being admitted into evidence for court cases that help to create a physiologicalRead MoreImplementing An Effective Punishment For An Offender1653 Words   |  7 Pagesthis statement, many have said that the case was a complete insult to an Australian persons natural sense of justice (Australian 2004) - how could such a result for a potential terrorist possibly deter future acts? The nine year sentence is not a reflection of Australia s attitude towards terrorism (West Australian 2005), and most definitely does not consider relevent factors such as detterance for both the offender and other possible offenders, the impact the crime has on society or prospects of

Australia s Economic Success And Growth Rates - 1699 Words

Economic Background: In the past two decades, the Australian economy has been, and continues to be a very strong and steady economy because of steady GDP growth rates, with an average around 3.5% annually (Heritage.org). Australia has also benefitted from considerably low inflation and unemployment rates. Because of these macroeconomic values, Australia is ranked third in the ranking of regional economies (Heritage.org). The reasons for Australia’s ongoing success is mainly because of the boom in foreign demand of importing the plethora of natural resources and minerals the country contains, combined with the structural economic policies enacted in the 1980’s (The Economist - Australia’s Economy). Australia is also one of the few countries†¦show more content†¦The largest slice of Australia’s exports go to China, exporting around 31.6% of its total exports, making China Australia’s biggest benefactor to its economy (DFAT). Although the exports mainly consist of the titanic amount of minerals that Australia mines, China also imports large quantities of wool, another heavily traded commodity of Australia. One of the leading wool industries, the Australian Wool Innovation (AWI) has said â€Å"it is easier to sell fine wool for clothes to China than to traditional recession-hit markets in Europe† (The Economist - Hitched to the China Wagon). The exportation of wool in conjunction with the exportation of minerals and ore to China makes China a strong partner with Australia when it comes to resource trading. China obviously is dependent on Australia’s exportations, making Australia’s relations with China a strength of the overall Australian economy. The Australian economy however, is clearly just as dependent on China’s demand for such commodities. Although Australia greatly benefits from China’s demand in its exports, Australia needs to make sure the trade relations between them don’t act as a crutch for the Australian economy. Recent studies and articles predict China’s demand for Australian goods will be shifting leftward in the near future, possibly impacting Australia’s economy, and putting it into a recession. Weaknesses of Economy: When it comes to economic weaknesses, Australia is fairly unique in comparison to otherShow MoreRelatedEconomic Factors That Influence Our Quality Of Life1379 Words   |  6 PagesEconomic factors that influence our quality of life in Australia An economy refers to the way in which a society is systematized to solve the economic problem of the insufficiency of resources relative to the society s needs and wants involving the countries production, distribution and exchange. There are many factors or the economy that influence the standard of living in Australia. The Main Factors are Australias Economic System, The key resources of the Australian economy, and the key economicRead MoreFactors Affecting The Business Operations And Decision Making Of The Organization Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesPEST or PESTLE analysis (political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental) It is a strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operations. The PEST is an analysis done to an organization but can also be related to several departments altogether. PEST analysis includes four factors: †¢ Political factors are basically how the government intervenes in the economy. Specifically, political stability, tax policy, employmentRead MoreThe Impact Of Australian Dollar On Australia s International Growth1059 Words   |  5 Pagesvalue, this holds significant impact for key areas in Australia’s international growth. 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Synopsis: The role of government in Australia today has lessRead MoreStarbucks s Objectives For Starbucks969 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction:- Starbucks one of most well know coffee house which is based in Australia. There serving world’s best taste coffee based drinks all over the world. Starbucks is specialized in selling coffee. Starbucks world No.1 coffee cafà © they had a good reputation. The sales growth has been increased through their international business and it targeted international markets of Europe, Middle East, New Zealand, and Australia. Organisations vision and mission:- To accomplish its mission, StarbucksRead MoreImpact Of Trade Relations On International Trade1485 Words   |  6 PagesMost countries are dependant on international trade and the government plays a big role in this through forming their trade policy (Miller, 2010). In the past smaller countries have relied on trading with bigger nations, but in the mid-1960’s a lot of countries looked to pursue independence in their foreign policy. Even though we live in this new technological and global age, forming trade relations is vital to our economy. Every country has different trade policies which determine how trade occursRead MoreCitibank: Launching the Credit Card in Asia Pacific1087 Words   |  5 Pagesis an American multinational financial services company based in New York City. Citigroup was formed from one of the world s largest mergers in history by combining the banking giant Citicorp and financial conglomerate Travelers Group. Nowadays is one of the world’s largest banks. In 2010 was in 22nd position worldwide, ranked on its total assets. Finally, it has the world s largest financial services network, spanning 140 countries with approximately 16,000 offices worldwide, 260,000 staff around

The Lottery Essay Research Paper In Shirley free essay sample

The Lottery Essay, Research Paper In Shirley Jackson? s # 8220 ; The Lottery, # 8221 ; she uses the component of surprise. The manner the narrative terminals is unlike anything anyone could foretell. There are nevertheless several alternate ways the narrative could hold ended. The followers is one possible alternate stoping to # 8220 ; The Lottery # 8221 ; . Everyone was prepared. Thirty proceedingss prior to the drawing, the villagers started roll uping the best and largest rocks they perchance could. Mrs. Dunbar picked up a smattering of pebbles and stuffed them in her pocket, she than take a rock so immense she had to pick it up with both custodies and it made it hard for her to walk. Mrs. Delacroix collected some little pebbles and made it merely in clip. Bill Hutchinson went over to his married woman and forced the faux pas of paper out of her manus. It had a black topographic point on it, the black topographic point Mr. Summers had made the dark before with the heavy pencil in the coal-company office. Bill Hutchinson held it up and there was a splash in the crowd. # 8220 ; All right, folks, # 8221 ; Mr. Summers said. # 8220 ; Let? s finish quickly. # 8221 ; Although the villagers had forgotten the ritual and lost the original black box, they still remembered to utilize rocks. The heap of rocks the male childs had made earlier was ready ; there were rocks on the land that the villagers had prepared earlier along with blowing garbages of paper that hod come out of the box. Mrs. Delacroix picked up the immense rock she selected earlier and turned to Mrs. Dunbar. # 8220 ; Come on, # 8221 ; she said. # 8220 ; Hurry up. # 8221 ; Tessie Hutchinson was in the centre of a cleared infinite by now, and she held her custodies out urgently as the villagers moved in on her. # 8220 ; It isn? T carnival, # 8221 ; she said. Just two seconds before everyone started acclaiming rocks at her, Old Man Warner yelled out # 8220 ; STOP! ! # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Everybody STOP! # 8221 ; The villagers turned to him in daze and letdown. Conversation broke out among the crowd. # 8220 ; What the snake pit is he making? , # 8221 ; Mr. Summers asked in choler. Old Man Warner? Of all people? # 8220 ; I demand we halt this absurd behaviour! , # 8221 ; replied Old Man Warner. # 8220 ; Why kill this adult female? # 8221 ; he asked. # 8220 ; She has non done anything incorrect, what about her kids? # 8221 ; # 8220 ; What? Did you merely say we should non kill Tessie? What about the tradition? # 8221 ; asked Mr. Summers. # 8220 ; To hell with tradition, # 8221 ; replied Old Man Warner, # 8220 ; This is absurd. # 8221 ; Finally the villagers agreed, and Tessie? s life was spared.

The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid by C.K Prahalad A Book Review

Introduction The term â€Å"the bottom of the pyramid† has gained prominence in the field of economics in recent past. As a concept, it is used to refer to the â€Å"largest, (but) poorest socio-economic† class at the bottom of the hypothetical pyramid used in economics to depict resource distribution (Gunther 9). Estimates of the number of people in the society who fall within this segment vary.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid by C.K Prahalad: A Book Review specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The World Bank estimates that about 2.5 billion people globally fall under this segment (Gunther 9). These people, according to these estimates, these are the people who survive on less than $2.50 in a day (Gunther 9). The business world has been abuzz with this concept of â€Å"the bottom of the pyramid† given the sheer size of this market. Business analysts who ar e keen on formulating new business models that specifically target this population are the ones that use this term most of the times. They develop new business strategies using new technology to target this group of consumers (Karnani 6). They also refer to this strategy as the base of the pyramid model. Several writers with business inclinations have made this concept more popular by writing several books and articles on it. The books and articles exalt the potential market and the profits that business enterprises can make by targeting this market. The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid by C. K Prahalad is such one book dedicated to this subject. This essay is going to review this book by Prahalad. The author will look at the organisation and structure of the book as well as the themes riding on the book. A critique of the book will also be provided along the way. C. K. Prahalad: A Brief Historical Overview Before embarking on the analysis and critical review of his book, it is important at this juncture to look briefly at the background of the author. With this background, the reader will have a clear picture of the kind of person that they are reading about in the paper, as well as their way of thinking. The background will create a link between Prahalad and the book within the mind of the reader.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The late Coimbatore Krishnarao Prahalad was born on August 8, 1941, in Coimbatore region of Tamil Nadu (Viklund 9). He took after his father, who was an established Sanskrit scholar and a judge (Viklund 9). He graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Physics from Loyola College in Chennai. He is also a graduate of Harvard Business School, where he got his D.B.A degree in mid 1970s (Viklund 8). Before his death on April 16, 2010, this man was a renowned scholar and a professor at Stephen M. Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan (Karnani 7). He was a distinguished professor, and this means that his works at the time were taken seriously in the business world, and this continues today. Several works are credited to this scholar. This is for example The Core Competence of Corporation, which he co-authored with Gary Hamel, and Competing for the Future, with the same author. He co-authored his last book two years before he succumbed to lung infection, in 2008. The book, The New Age of Innovation, was a joint effort between him and Krishnan (Schumpeter 4). The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid: Eradicating Poverty through Profits is one of the books that Prahalad authored alone. It is one of the popular books in his collection, and continues to attract the attention of business analysts and other players in the business world today, one year after his death. The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid: An Overview This book was published by Wharton School Publishing press in the year 2004. In about 389 pages, Prahalad talks of the bottom of the pyramid consumer and how businesses can exploit the segment to make profits. By targeting this group, the businesses will not only be making profits for themselves, they will also be playing a part in eradicating among the poorest populations in the world. In this book, Prahalad asserts that about 80 percent of the world population lives within the bottom of the pyramid. By using the approach advocated for in this book, businesses will be able to mobilise resources, in partnership with other stakeholders such as non-governmental organisations, to eradicate poverty in this group (Stefan 4). The resources will be used to formulate and implement solutions that will address the socio-economic challenges of the more than 4 billion people living in this segment of the society (Stefan 4). This way, business corporations will be eradicating poverty through their profit making ventures, as the title of the book suggests.Advertisin g We will write a custom essay sample on The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid by C.K Prahalad: A Book Review specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To achieve this, Prahalad is of the view that the bottom of the pyramid consumers have to be respected (Prahalad 9). This means that the input of the consumers in the formulation of solutions to their problems has to be respected. According to Prahalad, the consumer should be â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (taken as) equally important joint problem-solvers† (67). When this is done, the situation of the consumer (read poverty) will be turned into an opportunity to be exploited by all stakeholders in the strategy. The investors will use it to make profits, while the consumers will use it to pull themselves out of the cycle of poverty. The book, which is divided into three parts, provides the concerned parties with a strategy to collaborate for the benefit of all. Prahalad provides a blue pr int for a profitable coalition among the business executives, non-governmental organisations, the poor themselves and other stakeholders where all parties emerge as winners (Viklund 2). To achieve this, Prahalad suggests that all the players have to make adjustments, accommodations and sacrifices, otherwise the results of the coalition will not be realised. To undergird his arguments, Prahalad uses 12 case studies, where the owners of the business, either through design or by default, applied a business strategy similar to the one proposed in this book (Landrum 27). The businesses emerged as success cases, and the author is of the view that the strategy can be used by other businesses to excel. According to Prahalad, in all these case studies, the â€Å"bottom of the pyramid is becoming an active market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (which brings) benefits that go beyond the products consumed by the customers† (Prahalad 56). All the enterprises in these cases are interested in somethi ng more than just making profits. They are all interested in changing the face of poverty among the consumers by actively involving the consumers and other players in the field.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Prahalad writes the book from the point of view of the bottom of pyramid consumer (Karnani 7: Viklund 4). These are the players that the author assumes to be poor, and they benefit by accessing products and services at affordable rates. However, this is not the only benefit that they draw from the business strategy. The consumers also â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.get recognition, respect and fair treatment (from the entrepreneurs)† (Prahalad 87). From this, the self-esteem of the consumers is boosted, giving the business plan a human face. The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid: Book Structure and Organisation Book Structure and Organisation As earlier indicated, the book covers about 389 pages. These are organised into three parts, and each of the parts is further sub-divided into several sections. The following is an analysis of the organisation and structure of this book: Part I: The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid This part is divided into six chapters, with each of the chapters addressing a specific aspect of the so called fortune at the bottom of the pyramid. Chapter 1: The Market at the Bottom of the Pyramid This chapter addresses several aspects of the market segment in this portion of the society (Prahalad 3-22). Among the issues that are addressed in this chapter are the power of dominant logic and the nature of the bottom of the pyramid market. Prahalad asserts that â€Å"there is money at the bottom of the pyramid† (10). This is considering the sheer size of the market and the fact that members of this segment of society also have a disposable income, albeit at lower levels than those of the upper echelons of the society. Chapter 2: Products and Services for the BoP In this chapter, Prahalad provides the business executives with a philosophy that will help them develop products and services for the consumer at this level (Nicola 9: Prahalad Stuart 2). He is of the view that there are â€Å"twelve principles of innovatio n† that the businesses should employ (Prahalad 25), including innovativeness and respecting the consumer. Chapter 3: BoP: A Global Opportunity? Here, the author analyses the BoP market within the global context. He is of the view that local growth opportunities are linked to innovations and opportunities in the global market (Prahalad 50, 52: Saritha 20). Chapter 4: The Ecosystem for Wealth Creation In this chapter, the author talks of the environment within which wealth is made as far as the BoP is concerned. He particularly talks of the contract between the poor and the business enterprises amongst them. The author is of the view that the poor must be respected in these contracts, and the â€Å"inequities in the contracts (should also) be reduced† (Prahalad 69, 72). Chapter 5: Reducing Corruption Here, the author identifies corruption as one of the hindrances to eradication of poverty among the 4 billion poor people of the world (London 5). He provides strategies to r educe corruption here by creating what he refers to as â€Å"transaction governance capacity† (Prahalad 77) amongst the poor. He provides several case studies where this strategy has worked, including the Andhra Pradesh e-Governance project and the Centre for Good Governance (Prahalad 85, 90: Kandachar Minna 30). Chapter 6: Development as Social Transformation In this chapter, the author argues on how development can be conceptualised as a social transformation in the society, providing a social aspect of development. He identifies several barriers to this form of development, such as communication barriers and exclusion of women, and provides possible remedies to the same. Part II: Innovative Practices at the Bottom of the Pyramid It is in this section that Prahalad provides case studies of business enterprises that have adopted his proposed mode of operation and succeeded (Prahalad 113-381). Some of these case studies are provided in text while others are provided in audio CDs. This part is divided into six sections. In section I, Prahalad talks of the market at the BoP and provides the cases of Casas Bahia and CEMEX. In section II, he talks of the missing link in engaging community in eradicating poverty via a business model. He provides the story of the Annapurna Salt Company and the Hindustan Lever Limited. The same structure of providing case studies to drive home some of the arguments is used in throughout the other sections. Part III: CD This section is provided in a CD format. It is 35 minutes of video coverage depicting success of the case studies that were covered in text format in section II. The filming for the CD is done on location, with BoP locations in five countries acting as the stage. These are India, Peru, Mà ©xico, Brazil and Venezuela in Latin America (Prahalad 34). Critique of the Book Structure and Organisation The book starts with a preface, which is a great idea as it prepares the reader on what to expect within the text. Th is is followed by a section titled About the Author, where a brief overview of Prahalad is given. This is also a great idea, as it provides the reader with an idea on the kind of person that they will be interacting with throughout the book. It was also a great idea for the author to organise the book into three parts, each of which is further subdivided into several sections. This makes the book appear organised, and it also makes it easy for the reader to go through it. There is no unnecessary clutter in the organisation of the book as far as the sections are concerned. The use of the CD was similarly ingenious. It enriches the interaction of the reader with the book. Prahalad uses the same innovation that he beseeches business executives to use in interacting with his readers. Thematic Analysis Several themes emerge from this book, the major one been eradication of poverty through the BoP business model. The other themes revolve around this major one, and they can be seen as supp orting the same. The following are some of the themes that are discernible from the book: The Theme of Poverty Prahalad is of the view that the consumers at the bottom of the pyramid are afflicted by poverty, meaning that more than 4 billion people in the world today live on about $2.50 per day (Landrum 28). This state of affairs is brought about by interplay of various factors. This is for example illiteracy among this group, lack of employment and high birth rates among others. To underscore the status of poverty in the society, Prahalad provides the case of India, where more than 5.5 million people have their limbs amputated (Schumpeter 4). More than 25,000 continue losing their limbs in this country per annum, further increasing the population. The loss of limbs is caused by several factors such as disease, accidents and such others. These people cannot afford a prosthesis, which goes for about 7,000 dollars. This being the case, it becomes very hard for this people to exploit t heir potential, and as such, they continue wallowing in poverty. The author also provides the case of Mà ©xico, a country where, according to latest statistics, approximately 24 million people live on less than five dollars in a day (Prahalad 45). The banks are unwilling to provide these people with credit facilities, making it really hard for them to escape from poverty. Prahalad is of the view that business enterprises need to tackle this problem of poverty in order to create a sustainable consumer base. As such, instead of focusing so much on profits, businesses should come up with strategies that will make these people escape poverty, increase their per capita income and subsequently, their purchasing power. Eradicating Poverty Through Profits The proposed business strategy points out to the fact that it is possible for businesses to make profits and at the same time eradicate poverty in the community. This can be done through collaboration with the consumers and other stake ho lders such as non-governmental agencies (Kandachar Minna 31). When this happens, all the stakeholders benefit, creating a win-win situation, as opposed to the win-lose situation where businesses appear to exploit the local communities. The local community benefits by having the poverty levels reduced, the business enterprises benefit by making profits, while other stakeholders such as the NGOs benefit by having attained one of their goals, that of reducing extreme poverty in the community. The Need for Collaboration Another theme is that of the need of collaboration among the various stakeholders in order to make the proposed business model work. It is noted that the players cannot work in isolation; rather, they have to make adjustments and sacrifices to accommodate each other. The business enterprises need to respect the consumer, taking their perspectives into consideration when coming up with strategies to fight poverty. The consumers, on their part, need to look at the busines s enterprises as partners in development, rather than viewing them as exploiters. On their part, the NGOs should strive to ensure that the members of the community and the business enterprises work in tandem. This is for example encouraging the businesses to contribute to corporate social responsibility efforts in the community. Conclusion.  A Critique of the Book Prahalad’s arguments in this book and largely logical, and are acceptable and significant in reducing poverty among the bottom of the pyramid segment. However, there are several inherent assumptions made by this author that waters down the credibility of their book. For example, it seems that Prahalad overestimates the purchasing power of the poor within the bottom of the pyramid bracket. A case in point is when he seems to exaggerate their number. His statistics vary from those of other analysts in the field, and they seem to be the highest. The World Bank puts the number of the poor at about 2.7 billion, while P rahalad doubles this to about 4 billion (Landrum 29). There are also those who question whether the multinational corporation are suited to the bottom of the pyramid market as Prahalad suggests. His argument to this end is further weakened when one takes a critical look at the profile of the businesses that he uses in his twelve case studies. These businesses, at least most of them, are small to medium enterprises, while others are non-profit making (Karnani 9). Given that none of the case studies given seems to support a multinational in this market, questions arise regarding the tenability of Prahalad’s recommendation to this end. Apart from these minor weaknesses, Prahalad’s book can be regarded as a bold and significant step towards eradication of poverty among the world’s poorest. The suggestions put forth, as well as the business model, appear credible enough to be adopted by business enterprises. Works Cited Gunther, Gregory. The Theory of Economic Growth . London: Allen and Unwin, 2006. Kandachar, Peter Minna, Hay. (Eds.) Sustainability Challenges and Solutions at the Base of the Pyramid – Business, Technology and the Poor. Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing, 2008. Karnani, Aneel G. Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid: A Mirage. Ross School of Business, Paper No. 1035, 2008. Landrum, Nancy. Advancing the â€Å"Base of the Pyramid† Debate. Strategic Management Review, 1(1): 27-29, 2007. London, Titus. The Base-of-the-Pyramid Perspective: A New Approach to Poverty Alleviation. In G. T. Solomon (Ed.), Academy of Management Best Paper Proceedings, 2008. Nicola, Day. Bottom of the Pyramid from the Perspective of Poverty Reduction. NRI. June 18, 2007. Web. Prahalad, Coimbatore K. The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid: Eradicating Poverty through Profits. Wharton: Wharton School Publishing, 2004. Prahalad, Coimbatore K., Stuart, Hart L. The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid. Strategy and Business, 26(3), 2002. Saritha, Rai. In Rural India, a Passage to Wirelessness. The New York Times, August 4, 2001. Schumpeter. The Guru of the Bottom of the Pyramid. The Economist, April 24, 2010. Stefan, Stern. Manifesto Writer for Business Survival. Financial Times, April 19, 2010. Viklund, Andreas. Book Review: The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid. First Friday Book Synopsis. September 1, 2010. Web. This essay on The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid by C.K Prahalad: A Book Review was written and submitted by user Jeramiah Q. to help you with your own studies. 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